abandon [K'babide [K'baid] (常用于否定句和疑问句) 容忍; (by)遵守;信守 【同】comply with; follow; observe 【例】She can't abide that man. 她不能忍受那个人。Law is not our master, but our servant; if we abide by it, we’ll be able to make it serve up. 法律不是主人，而是仆人。 只要遵守它，就能使用它。Everyone must abide by the law. 所有的人都应遵守法律。
abnormal [aboard [K'bO:d] prep. 在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）ad. 在船（或飞机、车）上，上船（或飞机、车） 【例】It's time to go aboard. 该上船/飞机/车了。
abolish [K'bOliS] vt. 彻底废除，废止 【同】terminate; remove; destroy; do away with 【例】It is my profound hope that my work might prove to be a factor in helping to abolish future wars. 我深切地希望，我的作品能够成为有助于消除未来战争的因素。There are many bad customs and laws that ought to be abolished. 有许多不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. 亚伯拉罕·林肯在美国废除了奴隶制。
absence ['absorb [Kb'sO:b] n. 1.吸收2.吸引...的注意，使全神贯注3.把...并入，同化 【例】Dry sand absorbs water. 干沙吸收水份。His business absorbs him. 他的业务使他全神贯注。The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him. 那个聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的所有的 知识都吸收了。
absorption [Kb'sO:pSn] n.吸收；专注 【同】incorporation; fusion; concentration 【例】The absorption of several small firms made this group even stronger. 合并了几家小公司后，这个集团更加强大。
abstract ['absurd [Kb'sK:d] a. 荒谬的，荒唐的 【同】foolish; stupid; ridiculous; funny 【例】The fact that an opinion has been widely held is no evidence whatever that it is not utterly absurd. 一种见解已被许多人所持有，这个事实完全不足以证明这种见解并非全然荒谬。What an absurd suggestion! 多荒谬的建议啊! It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing. 你居然建议这样的事，太可笑了。The whole thing becomes utterly absurd when you think that no matter what problems man overcomes, it is unlikely that he will ever be able to travel even to the nearest star. 但是不管人了征服了多少困难，他也不可能去最近的星球上旅行，想象这个，你就会觉得整个事件是荒谬绝伦了。
abundance [K'bVndKns] n. 大量，丰富，充足 【同】plenty; sufficiency 【例】If you travel in the sea, you will see an abundance of marine creatures. 如果你在海上旅行的话，会看到很多海洋生物。There was an abundance of corn last year. 去年玉米丰收。
abundant [K'bVndKnt] a. 1.大量的，充足的2.(in)丰富的，富裕的 【例】There is abundant firewood in the forest. 森林里有充裕的薪柴可用。Most of them have received formal education in university, where they acquired abundant knowledge and experience, which are quite essential to their future career. 他们大多数都受过大学的正规教育，在大学里他们获得了知识和经验，这些知识和经验对他们未来的生涯是十分必要的。Meanwhile milk had been accepted by the masses, because of its abundant nutrition. 同时，牛奶又被大众接受，因为它含有丰富的营养。
abuse [K'bju:s] n. 1.滥用，妄用2.虐待，伤害3.辱骂，毁谤 vt. [K'bju:z]1.滥用，妄用2.虐待，伤害3.辱骂，毁谤 【同】insult; mistreat; victimize 【例】It's easy to abuse one's power. 人容易滥用权力。They talked about how the uses and abuses of figures to prove things in politics. 他们谈到人们如何在政治问题上使用及滥用数字来混淆视听。
academic [,accelerate [Kk'selKreit] v. (使) 加快，（使）增速【例】It is evident that it can relieve the traffic congestion in the streets, thus accelerating the flow of buses and cars. 很明显，这样会缓解道路交通的拥挤，从而加快车的流速。
acceleration [Kk,selK'reiSn] n.加速；加速度 【同】speeding; hastening; quickening 【例】Our country has always in acceleration of economic growth since the 1980s. 自从20世纪80年代以来，我国经济发展一直在增加。
acceptable [Kk'septKbl] a.可接受的，合意的 【例】The solution to this problem is acceptable. 这个问题的解决方案是可接受的。Do you think the proposal is acceptable? 你认为这个建议可接受吗？
access ['accessory [Kk'sesKri] n. 1.附件，零件，配件2.[常pl.]（妇女手提包之类的）装饰品3.同谋，帮凶，包庇犯 【同】assistant; associate; aid 【例】He was just an accessory of a robbery, but he was sentenced to death. 他只是一起抢劫案件中的从犯，却被判处死刑。He asked me to buy him some accessories for a car. 他让我给他买些汽车附件。
accidental [,accommodate [K'kOmKdeit] vt. 1.容纳2.向...提供住处（或膳宿）3.使适应，顺应 【例】The bank is accommodating its customers more than it used to. 这家银行现在给客户贷款比以前多了。The cottage could accommodate up to five people. 这间小屋最多能容纳5个人。The computer has the ability to accommodate to individual differences in learning speed, and so I am the one who can control the pace of my lessons. 计算机能够适应学习速度的个体差异，因此我就能成为控制自己课程进度的人。
accommodation [K,kOmK'deiSn] n. [常pl.] 住处，膳宿 【同】settlement; convenience; lodging 【例】I have no method to make accommodation to my quests. 我无法给客人们安排住宿。Hotel accommodation was scarce during the Olympic Games. 奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难找。It's a great accommodation to me. 这对我极为方便。This hospital has accommodation for 200 patients. 这家医院有二百个床位。
accordance [K'kO:dKns] n. 一致，和谐，符合 【同】assent; correspondence; agreement 【例】Man is a rational animal who always loses his temper when he is called upon to act in accordance with the dictates of reason. 人是理性的动物，在被要求依据理性行动时总是大发雷霆。I sold the house in accordance with your orders. 我按照你的指示售出了这所房子。
accordingly [K'kO:diNli] ad. 1.照着，相应地2.因此，所以，于是 【例】I have told you the circumstances, so you must act accordingly. 我已将情况告诉你，所以你必须酌情处理。
accumulate [K'kju:mjuleit] vt. 堆积，积累，积聚 vi. 累积，聚积 【同】enlarge; multiply; mass; pile up; mount up 【例】Universities are full of knowledge; the freshmen bring a little in and the seniors take none away, and knowledge accumulates. 大学里充满了知识。新生带进来一点儿，高年级学生则一点儿也不带走，于是知识便积累了下来。By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫，尘土很快就越积越多。
accuracy ['accurate ['accuse [K'kju:z] vt. 指控，控告，指责 【同】charge; blame; incriminate 【例】He was accused of incompetence. 他被指责为不称职。The company stands accused of failing to safeguard the public. 这家公司被控未能保护公众的利益。Several of the accused were found guilty. 被告中有数人被判定有罪。
accustomed [K'kVstKmd] a. 1.(to)习惯于...的，适应了的2.通常的，惯常的 【同】get used to; in the habit of 【例】There are no conditions to which a man cannot become accustomed, especially if he sees that all those around him live in the same way. 没有什么环境是人所不能适应的，尤其是在看到周围的人都以相同方式过活时。
acknowledge [Kk'nOlidZ] vt. 1.承认，承认...的权威（或主张）2.告知收到，确认3.对...表示谢忱，报偿 【同】admit; agree; thank 【例】Any person, who copies Professor Wang Lin’s vocabulary book illegally, will be forced to acknowledge his or her piracy and will be subject to punishment . To whatever side your turn, you are forced to acknowledge your own ignorance and the boundless power of the Creator. 无论转向哪一面，你都不得不承认自己的无知和造物主的无边法力。She is acknowledged as the best tennis-player in the world. 她被公认为是世界最佳网球选手。I passed her in the street but she didn't even acknowledge me when I smiled. 我在街上遇到她，可是当我向她微笑时，她却连招呼都没有向我打一个。..
acquaintance [K'kweintKns] n. 1.相识的人，熟人2.认识，相识，了解 【同】friend; familiarity 【例】I look upon every day to be lost, in which I do not make a new acquaintance. 　哪一天不新结识一个人，我都把那一天视为虚度。I have a slight acquaintance with Japanese. 我略通日文。He is my acquaintance. 他是我的熟人。
acquire [K'kwaiK] vt. 1.取得，获得2.学到 【例】The collector has acquired a fine collection of impressionist paintings. 这位收藏家收集到大量印象派绘画。To be fair, the serious way of lecture allows us to acquire much information in class. 说句公道话，严肃性的课堂教学可是我们学到很多知识。
acquisition [,activate ['activity [acute [K'kju:t] a. 1.严重的，激烈的2.敏锐的3.（疾病）急性的4.尖的，锐的 【同】sharp; intelligent; discerning; intense 【例】Being an acute observer, he usually sees the essence of things at the first sight. 作为一个敏锐的观察家，他通常一眼就可以看出事物的本质。We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation. 我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。This area has an acute shortage of water. 这个地方缺水严重。
adapt [K'dadaptation [,additional [K'diSKnl] a. 添加的，额外的，另外的 【同】supplementary; extra; further 【例】Never be the last to leave a company going downhill, your personal market value declines each additional day you stay. 在公司走下坡路时切最后离开：每多呆一天，你个人的市场价值都降低几许。He had to pay some additional charges. 他不得不付些附加费。
adhere [Kd'hiK] vt. (to)1.粘附，附着2.遵守，坚持3.追随，支持 【同】devoted; conform; stick 【例】Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. 糨糊是用于使一个接触面粘住另一个接触面的。We should adhere to our opinions. 我们应当坚持我们的意见。
adjacent [K'dZeisnt] a. (to)邻近的，毗连的 【同】beside; bordering; neighboring 【例】We work in the same company, but his office is not adjacent to mine. 我们虽然在同一个公司工作，办公室却不在一处。His house is adjacent to mine. 他的寓所与我的相毗连。
adjoin [K'dZOin] vt. 贴近，与...毗连 【同】join; unite; neighbor 【例】The playing field adjoins the school. 运动场紧邻学校。Our house adjoins theirs. 我们的房屋与他们的毗连。
adjust [K'dZVst] vt. 1.校正，校准，调整2.调节，改变...以适应 vi. (to)适应 【同】adapt; shape; tailor 【例】This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need. 这种书桌的高低可以按照你的需要调节。He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. 他很快使自己适应了这个国家炎热的天气。
administer [Kd'ministK] vt. 1.掌管，料理...的事务2.施行，实施3.给予，派给，投（药） 【例】The courts administer the law. 法院执行法律。The priest administered the last rites. 神父为人举行临终圣礼。
administrate [Kd,mini'streit] v. 管理;支配
administration [Kd,mini'streiSn] n. 1.管理，经营，支配2.管理部门，行政机关，政府3.实行，执行 【同】management; execution 【例】Bad administration, to be sure, can destroy good policy; but good administration can never save bad policy. 糟糕的政府必定会毁掉良好的政策，而良好的政府绝对挽救不了糟糕的政策。The company developed rapidly under his administration. 在他的管理下，公司发展得很快。
admission [Kd'miSn] n. 1.准许进入，准许加入2.入场费，入场券3.承认，供认 【同】admittance; access; reception 【例】Concession is no humiliation, nor admission of error any disgrace. 让步非耻，认错亦非辱。He gained admission into this university. 他获准进入这所大学。
adolescent [,adopt [K'dOpt] vt. 1.收养2.采取，采纳，采用3.正式通过，批准 【同】take in; take up 【例】As they had no children of their own, they adopted an orphan. 他们没有亲生儿女，就收养了一个孤儿。
adoption [K'dOpSn] n.收养；采纳，采取 【例】He was pleased by the adoption of a little girl. 他对收养了一个女孩感到高兴。
advisable [Kd'vaizKbl] a. 可取的，适当的，明智的 【同】suitable; recommendable; judicious 【例】I am not in favor of long engagements. They give people the opportunity of finding out each other’s character before marriage, which I think is never advisable. 我不赞成订婚的时期太长。它使双方有机会在婚前摸清各自的人品，我认为这绝对不可取。
advocate ['aerial ['EKriKl] a. 1.飞机的，航空的，由飞机进行的2.空中的，架空的 n. 天线 【例】He showed me some aerial photographs. 他给我看了一些空中拍摄的照片。
aerospace ['EKrKuspeis] n.航空和宇宙航行空间 【例】The aerospace industry in our country has developed greatly after liberation. 解放后，我国的宇航事业取得了巨大的发展。
aesthetic [i:s'Tetik] a. 1.美学的，审美的2.悦目的，雅致的 【同】of or concerning beauty
affect [K'fekt] v. 影响, 假装 【例】The climate affected his health. 气候影响了他的健康。He was much affected by the sad news. 这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。He affected not to hear me. 他假装没有听见我。In other aspects, computer affects people’s daily life and do harm to people. 在其他方面，计算机影响着人们的日常生活并导致了一些不利因素的产生。
affection [K'fekSn] n. 喜爱，感情，爱慕之情 【同】attachment; passion; zeal; love 【例】We should never judge those whom we love. The affection that is not blind is no affection at all. 不可评价所爱的人。不盲目的爱根本不是爱。Every mother has affection for her children. 每个母亲都爱她的孩子。He is held in affection. 他极为大家所爱戴。
affiliate [K'filieit] vt. 使隶属（或附属）于 n. 附属机构，分公司 【同】associate; unite; combine 【例】The hospital is affiliated to Beijing University. 这所医院附属于北京大学。
affirm [K'fK:m] vt. 1.断言，坚持声称2.证实，确认 【例】I affirm that what he said is true. 我断言他所说的是实情。They affirmed that the girl did quite a bit of reading. 他们断言这个女孩子读了不少书。
affirmative [K'fK:mKtiv] adj. 赞成的，肯定的 【同】positive; asserting; agreeing 【例】He gave an affirmative reply to my question. 他肯定地回答了这个问题。
agenda [K'dZendK] n.议事日程
aggravate ['aggressive [K'gresiv] a. 1.侵犯的，侵略的，挑衅的2.敢作敢为的，有进取心的 【同】active; combative; enterprising 【例】He is an aggressive man. 他是一个好斗的人。America has a lot of aggressive weapons now. 美国现在有很多进攻性武器。A successful businessman must be aggressive. 一个成功的商人必须有进取心。
agitate ['agony ['agreeable [K'gri:Kbl] a. 1.令人愉快的，惬意的2.（欣然）同意的，乐意的 【同】pleasing; mild; fair 【例】Animals are such agreeable friends —— they ask no questions, they pass no criticism. 动物是如此令人愉快的朋友── 它们不提问题，也不说三道四。She has an agreeable voice. 她的声音悦耳。Are you agreeable to the proposal? 你能同意这项建议吗？
airline ['EKlain] n. [常pl.] 航空公司 【例】He is an airline pilot. 他是民航驾驶员。Mr. Wang is a staff of France airline. 王先生是法国航空公司的一名职员。
airmail ['EKmeil] n. 航空邮件
alert [K'lK:t] a. 警觉的，留神的，注意的 vt. 1.向...报警，使警惕2.使认识到，使意识到 n. 1.警戒（状态），戒备（状态）2.警报 【同】wide awake; observant; warning 【例】With the exception of the instinct of self-preservation, the propensity for emulation is probably the strongest and most alert and persistent of the economic motives proper. 除了自我保护本能以外，努力追上并超越他人的习性很可能是真正的功利性动机中最强烈、最活跃顽固的Although he's over eighty his mind is still remarkably alert. 他虽已年过八十，但头脑仍然十分机敏。
alien ['eiliKn] a. 1.外国的，外国人的2.陌生的3.性质不同的，不相容的 n. 1.外国人，外侨2.外星人 【同】unknown; unusual; exotic; foreign 【例】Their ideas are quite alien to our ways of thinking. 他们的观点同我们看问题的方法格格不入。After being away for so long, he feels like an alien in his own country now. 背井离乡这么久，现在在他自己的国家，他觉得自己像个外人。
allege [K'ledZ] vt. 断言，宣称，硬说 【同】state; testify; affirm; declare 【例】The police alleged that the man was murdered but they have given no proof. 警方声称这男子是被谋杀的，但未提出任何 证据。So they alleged, but have they any proof? 他们是这样宣称的，但他们有证据吗？
alleviate [K'li:vieit] vt. 减轻，缓解，缓和 【同】make less or easier to bear 【例】The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate her pain. 医生给她注射以减轻痛苦。
alliance [K'laiKns] n. 结盟，联盟 【同】association; combination 【例】They made an alliance against the common enemy. 他们联合起来抵御共同的敌人。
allied [K'laid] a.联合的；联姻的
allocate ['allowance [K'lauKns] n. 津贴，补贴，零用钱 【例】The scholarship includes an allowance of 80 dollars for books. 奖学金包括八十美元的书籍费津贴。She failed one of the exam papers, but we ought to make allowance for the fact that she was ill. 她有一门不及格，但我们必须考虑到她当时有病。
alloy ['alongside [K,lON'said] ad. 在旁边，沿着边，并排地 prep. 1. 在...旁边，沿着...的边2. 和...在一起 【例】He is the master of the boat moored alongside. 他是那条靠着码头停泊的船的主人。The car drew up alongside the road. 小汽车在路边停下来。
alter ['O:ltK] vt.改变，变更；改做 【例】He altered one of the rooms into a bedroom. 他把一间屋子改建成了卧室。
alteration [,O:ltK'reiSn] n.变更，改变；蚀变 【例】My coat needs alteration. 我的上衣需要改改。There have been a few alterations to the timetable. 时间表上有一些变动。
alternate ['O:ltKneit] a. 1.交替的，轮流的2.间隔的 v. （使）轮流，（使）交替 【例】Meetings are held on alternate Thursdays. 每隔一个星期的星期四举行一次会议。Sunny weather alternated with rain. 天气晴雨相间。We alternate in doing the housework. 我们轮流做家务。
alternative [O:l'tK:nKtiv] a. 1.两者择一的，供选择的，供替代的2.另类的，他择性的 n. 1.取舍，抉择，供选择的东西2.选择的自由，选择的余地 【同】choice; option; substitute 【例】The more alternative, the more difficult the choice. 可选择的越多，挑选越难。We have no alternative, but to do it. 我们别无选择，只能做了。Please find alternative means of transport. 请另外找一个运输方法。
altitude ['aluminum [,amateur ['amaze [K'meiz] vt. 使大为惊奇，惊愕 【同】astonish; perplex; surprise; confuse 【例】He amazed me by his audacity. 他的无理让我惊骇。I was amazed to find her there. 发现她在那，我感到很吃惊。What an amazing painting! 多么了不起的一幅画啊!  It was amazing that he knew nothing about the event. 他对这个事件毫不知情，真让人感到诧异。
ambassador [ambiguous [ambition [ambulance ['amend [K'mend] vt. 修改，修订，改进 n. [pl.] 赔罪，赔偿 【同】revise; improve; mend; correct 【例】The Parliament has decided to amend some legislation. 议会决定修改一些法规。The judge advised him to amend his way of living. 法官劝告他改变生活方式。They decided to amend the bill. 他们决定修正这条议案。
ampere ['ample ['amplify ['amuse [K'mju:z] vt. 1.逗乐，逗笑2.给...提供娱乐（或消遣） 【例】The boys amuse themselves by drawing caricatures of their teacher. 男孩子们以画老师的漫画取乐。
analogue ['analogy [K'nanalytical [,ancestor ['anchor ['angle ['anniversary [,announcer [K'naunsK] n.宣告者；播音员 【例】She is an announcer in TV broadcast. 她是电视台的一名播音员。
annoy [K'nOi] vt.使恼怒；打搅 【例】A fly kept annoying me. 一只苍蝇老在打搅我。I was annoyed at his intrusion. 我对他的闯入感到生气。
annual ['anonymous [K'nOnimKs] a. 1.无名的，不具名的2.匿名的3.无特色的，无个性特征的 【同】nameless; unknown; undesignated 【例】I received an anonymous letter the other day. 几天前我收到了一封匿名信。
Antarctic [antenna [anticipate [anxiety [anyhow ['enihau] ad. 1.不管怎么说，无论如何，至少2.不论用何种方法，无论从什么角度3.随随便便地，杂乱无章地 【例】I couldn't think of the name of that man anyhow. 我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。
anyway ['eniwei] ad. 1.不管怎么说，无论如何，至少2.不论以何种方式，无论从什么角度 【例】The house was locked and I cannot get in anyway. 屋子锁着，我无论如何也进不去。
apartment [K'pA:tmKnt] n. 一套公寓房间，房间 【例】He lives in this apartment building. 他住在这座公寓大楼内。
apparatus [,apparent [K'pappeal [K'pi:l] n. 1.呼吁，恳求2.感染力，吸引力3.申诉，上诉 v. 1.呼吁，恳求2.有吸引力，有感染力3.上诉，申诉4.(t0)诉诸，诉请裁决（或证实等）vt. 将...上诉，将...移交上? 【例】He was appealing for funds to build a new school. 他在恳求拨款修建一所新学校。His lawyer decided to take an appeal to a higher court. 他的律师决定向高一级法院上诉。
appendix [K'pendiks] n. 1.阑尾2.附录 【例】This dictionary has several appendices. 这本词典有几项附录。The doctor said the appendix is not important for us. 那个大夫说阑尾对我们来说并不重要。
appetite ['applaud [K'plO:d] vi. 鼓掌，喝彩 vt. 1.向...鼓掌，向...喝彩2.称赞，赞许 【同】cheer; praise; clap 【例】Man often applauds an imitation, and hiss the real thing. 人往往对假货喝彩，而对真品发出嘘声。We all applaud you for your decision. 我们一致赞成你的决定。He was loudly applauded. 他受到热烈的掌声欢迎。
appliance [K'plaiKns] n. 器具，器械，装置 【同】instrument; device; machinery 【例】A modern family cannot do without electrical appliances. 现代家庭生活离不开电器。There are many household appliances in this shop. 这个商店有许多家用用具。
applicable [K'plikKbl] a. 1.可应用的，可实施的2.适当的，合适的
appraisal [K'preizl] n. 估计，估量，评价 【同】assessment; evaluation; estimate 【例】After careful discussion experts gave an appraisal of the ancient vase $60,000. 仔细商讨后，专家对这个古代花瓶做了估价：6万美元。
appreciable [K'pri:SKbl] a.可估价的；可察觉的 【同】considerable; recognizable; evident 【例】There will be an appreciable increase of our salaries. 我们的工资会有较为可观的增加。
appreciate [K'pri:Sieit] vt. 1.重视，赏识，欣赏2.为...表示感激3.（充分）意识到，领会，体会 vi. 增值 【例】I really appreciate his complete absorption in his work. 我很欣赏他对工作的极端专注。We appreciate your helping us. 我们感谢你们的帮助。
apprehension [,appropriate [K'prKupriKt] a. 适当的，恰当的 vt. 1.私占，侵吞，挪用2.拨出（款项等）供专用 【同】suitable; befitting; fitting 【例】Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases. 烈性的药物对于重病是非常适宜的。The government has appropriated a large sum of money for building hospitals. 政府为修建医院拨出了大笔款项。The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 部长被查出挪用了公款。
approval [K'pru:vKl] n. 1.赞成，同意2.批准，认可 【同】consent; support; permission 【例】I hope the arrangements meet with your approval. 我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。We can't start building without the council's approval. 未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。
approximately [K'prOksimKtli] ad.近乎，大约 【同】roughly; practically; nearly 【例】The total number of death in this crash approximately mounts to 5,000. 这次撞击事件死亡总数大约5000人。The plane will be taking off in approximately five minutes. 飞机大约五分钟后就起飞。
apt [arbitrary ['A:bitrKri] n. 1.随意的，任意的2.专断的，武断的，专制的 【同】willful; at random; inconsistent 【例】The choice of players for the team seems completely arbitrary. 队员的挑选似乎完全是主观的。Most presidents in this African country are arbitrary rulers. 这个非洲国家的总统大多数是专横的统治者。
architect ['A:kitekt] n. 建筑师，设计师，缔造者 【例】Everyone is the architect of his own fortune. 每个人都是自己命运的创造者。
arctic ['A:ktik] a.北极的 n.北极 【例】We can't stand this arctic weather. 我们受不了这种严寒的天气。
arise [K'raiz] vi. 1.产生，出现，发生2.(from)(由...)引起，(由...)产生3.起身，起床 【例】An opportunity has arisen. 机会来了。Accidents often arise from carelessness. 事故往往起因于粗心。
arithmetic [K'riTmKtik] n. 算术 【例】The little boy was not good at arithmetic. 这个小男孩算术不太好。
arouse [K'rauz] vt. 1.引起，激起，唤起2.唤醒 【例】His sufferings aroused our sympathy. 他的痛苦引起了我们的同情。Diana aroused them just before dawn. 戴安娜在黎明前唤醒了他们。
array [K'rei] n. 1.展示，陈列，一系列2.排列，队形3.衣服，盛装4.数组，阵列 vt. 1.排列，配置（兵力）2.打扮，装饰 【例】Banners are arrayed on the wall. 墙上张挂着锦旗。People are all in holiday array. 人们都穿着节日盛装。
articulate [A:'tikjulKt] a. 1.善于表达的，发音清晰的2.表达得清楚有力的 vt. 1.明确有力地表达2.清晰地吐（字），清晰地发（音） 【同】well-spoken; fluent; lucid 【例】It seems that he is a very articulate person. 似乎他是一个口吃淋漓的人。She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 作为一个十岁的孩子来说，她的表达力是非常强的。I'm a little deaf, please articulate your words carefully. 我有些耳聋，请把话仔细地说清楚。
ascend [K'send] vi. 渐渐上升，升高 vt. 攀登，登上 【同】rise; climb; mount 【例】We watched the mists ascending from the valley below. 我们看着薄雾从下面的山谷中升起。
ascertain [,ash [ashore [K'SO:] ad. 在岸上，上岸 【例】He managed to swim ashore. 他设法向岸边游过去。They have been ashore for two hours. 他们上岸已经两个小时了。
aside [K'said] ad. 在旁边，到（或向）一边 【例】The decision was set aside. 决议被搁置。
assemble [K'sembl] vi. 集合，聚集 vt. 1.集合，聚集，召集2.装配 【例】The students assembled in the school garden. 学生们在校园集合。
assembly [K'sembli] n. 1.立法机构，议会2.集会，集合，集会的人们3.组装，装配 【同】gathering; association; conference 【例】In most communities it is illegal to cry fire in a crowded. 在大多数社会中，在拥挤的集会上喊失火啦是违法的。People have the rights of assembly and expression. 人们有集会和发表言论的权利。
assert [K'sK:t] vt. 1.肯定地说，断言2.维护，坚持 【同】affirm; declare; maintain 【例】We encouraged him to assert his view of the matter. 我们鼓励他坚持自己对此事的看法。She asserted that he was innocent. 她断言，他是无罪的。
assignment [K'sainmKnt] n. 1.（分派的）任务，（指定的）作业2.分配，指派 【例】He finished the assignment completely. 他全面完成了分配的任务。He is the best man who can finish the assignment. 他是能完成这项任务的最佳人选。
assimilate [K'simKleit] vt. 1.吸收，消化2.使同化 vi. 1.被吸收，被消化2.被同化 【同】absorb; digest; understand 【例】The USA has assimilated people from many different countries. 美国已经同化了许多来自不同国家的人。Children in school are expected to assimilate what they have been taught. 希望在学习的儿童能吸收教给他们的知识。Some foods are assimilated more easily than others. 有些食物比另一些食物容易吸收。
associate [K'sKuSieit] vt. 1.（在思想上）把...联系在一起2.使联合，结合，使有联系 vi. (with)结交，交往 n. 伙伴，同事，合伙人 a. 副的 【同】relate; link; combine 【例】Do not tell me of the people you associate with; let me observe it by your manners. 不必告诉我你同什么人交往，让我通过你的举止来察知。She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。I don't want to associate myself with them any more. 我不愿再和他们交往了。
assume [K'sju:m] vt. 1.假定，假设，臆断2.承担，担任，就职3.呈现，具有，采取 【例】I assumed you can speak French fluently. 我以为你能讲流利的法语。I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it. 我错了，我愿为此承担责任。The problem has assumed a new form. 这个问题又以新的形式出现。
assumption [K'sVmpSn] n. 1.假定，臆断2.担任，承担 【同】supposition; suspicion; accepting 【例】The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions. 这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为依据的。Their assumptions of an air of confidence fooled nobody. 他们装出信心十足的样子却欺骗不了任何 人。
assurance [K'SuKrKns] n. 1.把握，信心2.保证，表示保证(鼓励、安慰)的话3.(人寿)保险 【同】promise; confidence; reassurance 【例】Progress is the activity of today, and the assurance of tomorrow. 进步是今日的行动，是明日的保证。They were waiting with assurance for me to discover the truth for myself. 他们自信地等待我自己发现事实真相。
astonish [K'stOniS] vt. 使惊讶 【同】shock; amaze; astound 【例】She astonished me with her beautiful handwriting. 她以其秀丽的书法而使我惊异。I was astonished at the news of his escape. 听到他逃之夭夭的消息，我感到惊讶。The car rushed at the bridge at astonishing speed. 汽车以惊人的速度向桥冲过去。
astronomy [K'strOnKmi] n. 天文学 【例】Astronomy is the scientific study of the sun, moon, and stars and other heaven bodies. 天文学是研究太阳、月亮、星星和其他天体的科学。
athlete ['atmospheric [,attach [K'tattain [K'tein] vt. 达到，获得 【同】achieve; accomplish; succeed 【例】The true value of a human being is determined primarily by the measure and the sense in which he has attained liberation from the Self. 人的真正价值，首先取决于他在多大的程度和怎样的意义上获得自我解放。The country attained its independence in 1972. 这个国家在1972年获得了独立。
attendance [K'tendKns] n. 1.出席人数 2.出席，参加，出席次数 3.护理，照料 【例】Attendance at school is demanded by law. 法律规定儿童必须上学。He didn't have perfect attendance this year. 他今年有缺勤。
attendant [K'tendKnt] n. 服务人员，侍者，随从 a. 伴随的，随之而产生的 【例】The president gave the Prince and his attendants a farewell banquet. 总统为王子和他的随员举行了告别宴会。
attentive [K'tentiv] a.注意的；有礼貌的 【同】watchful; alert; intent; observant 【例】You should be attentive to what your parents have said. 你应该注意倾听父母所说的话。He is attentive to his little brother. 他很关心他的小弟弟。
attitude ['attribute ['augment [O:g'ment] vt. 扩大，增加，提高 【同】magnify; intensify; amplify 【例】The output of last month has been considerably augment. 上个月的产量大大地增加了。He augments his income by teaching in the evenings. 他晚上去教书以增加收入。
aural ['O:rKl] a.耳的，听觉的 【例】You can use these tapes as aural material. 你可以把这些磁带当作听力材料。
auto ['O:tKu] n. 汽车 【例】The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit. 汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。
automatic [,O:tK'mauxiliary [O:g'ziliKri] a. 1.辅助的，补助的2.备用的，后备的 【同】helper; assistant; accessory 【例】She is an auxiliary nurse. 她是一名助理护士。We have an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts. 我们有一台万一断电时使用的备用发电机。
avail [K'veil] n. [一般用于否定句或疑问句中] 效用，利益，帮助 v. 有用(于);有益(于);有助(于)【同】help; benefit; aid 【例】We should avail us of every opportunity to achieve the desired results. 我们应该尽可能地利用一切机会达到预期的结果。Such a statement will not avail. 这样的声明没有什么用。This medicine is of no avail. 这药无效。
avert [K'vK:t] vt. 1.防止，避免2.转移（目光、注意力等） 【同】turn away; avoid; look away 【例】Preparedness averts peril. 有备无患。He managed to avert suspicion. 他设法避嫌。She averted her eyes from the terrible sight. 她转移目光不看那可怕的情景。
aviation [,eivi'eiSn] n. 1.航空，航空学2.飞机制造业 【例】He devoted all his life to China's aviation. 他的一生都奉献给了中国的航空事业。
aware [K'wEK] a. 意识到，知道的 【例】We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation. 我们十分清楚形势的严峻性。Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat? 你知道你坐在我的帽子上了吗？
awfully ['O:fli] ad.令人畏惧的；很
awkward ['O:kwKd] a. 1.尴尬的，棘手的2.难操纵的，使用不便的3.笨拙的，不灵巧的 【同】clumsy; embarrassing; inconvenient 【例】No manners are finer than even the most awkward manifestations of good will to others. 向别人表达良好的意愿是最高雅的风度，即使表达得极其笨拙也不例外。At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place. 在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。The heavy ax was awkward to use. 这把重斧头不好用。
axis ['

B
bachelor ['bbackground ['bbackward ['bbacon ['beikKn] n. 咸肉
bacterium [bbadge [bbadminton ['bbakery ['beikKri] n. 面包店
bald [bO:ld] a. 1.秃头的，秃的2.（织物、轮胎等）磨光的3.明显的，不加掩饰的 【同】hairless; smooth; naked 【例】Time is painted with a lock before, and bald behind, signifying thereby that we must take time by the forelock, for when it is once passed there is no recalling it. 时间老人被画成前额有绺头发，而后脑却光秃秃的，这就意味着我们必须从前面抓住时间，因为只要时间一过就无可挽回。He took off the hat and revealed his bald head. 他脱下帽子，露出秃头。We planted some trees on the bald hill. 我们在一座秃山上种了些树。
balloon [bK'lu:n] n. 气球 【例】There are some color balloons. 那儿有些彩色的气球。
ban [bbanana [bK'nA:nK] n. 香蕉 【例】The banana is her favorite fruit. 香蕉是她最喜欢的水果。
bandage ['bbankrupt ['bbanner ['bbarber ['bA:bK] n. 理发师 【例】I had my hair cut at the barber's yesterday. 我昨天在理发店里理了发。
barrel ['bbarrier ['bbaseball ['beisbO:l] n. 棒球 【例】Baseball is the national game of the USA. 棒球是美国全民喜爱的运动。
basement ['beismKnt] n. 地下室
bat [bbattery ['bbeforehand [bi'fO:hbehalf [bi'hA:f] n. 利益，方面 【同】interest; benefit; sake 【例】Eyes are the spokesmen on behalf of love. 眼睛是爱情的代言人。On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
behave [bi'heiv] vi. 1.表现，举止端正2.（机器等）运转，（事物）作出反应 vt. (oneself)检点（自己）的行为 【例】How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？
belief [bi'li:f] n. 1.相信，信任2.信念，信仰 【例】He has lost his belief in God. 他已不相信上帝了。
beneficial [,beni'fiSl] a. 有益的，有利的 【同】useful; helpful; advantageous 【例】Happiness is beneficial for the body, but it is grief that develops the powers of the mind. 愉快有益于身体，但发展思维能力的是悲伤。Fresh air is beneficial to our health. 新鲜空气有益于健康。It's a beneficial result to us. 对我们来说那是有利的结果。
bet [bet] vt. 1.以...打赌，与...打赌2.敢说，确信 vi. 打赌 n. 1.打赌2.赌金，赌注 【例】Let's make a bet on the next election. 我们就下次的选举打个赌吧。I bet it will rain tomorrow. 我相信明天一定会下雨。
betray [bi'trei] vt. 1.背叛，出卖2.失信于, 辜负3.泄露(秘密等)4.(非故意地)暴露，, 显露 【同】reveal; uncover; disclose 【例】When we fail our pride supports us, when we succeed, it betrays us. 失败时自尊地支撑着我们，成功时它使我们露出本来面目。He betrayed his country. 他背叛了他的国家。The smoke from cooking betrayed the presence of the enemy. 炊烟暴露了敌人的存在。
beware [bi'wEK] v. 谨防，当心 【同】be aware of; notice 【例】Beware of the fury of a patient man. 当心脾气好的人发火。Beware of what you do with this dangerous substance. 你处理这些危险品时，可要当心。
bewilder [bi'wildK] vt. 使迷惑，使难住 【同】confound; puzzle; confuse 【例】I am totally bewildered by the clues to the crossword puzzle. 这个纵横字谜的提示完全把我弄糊涂了。Big city traffic bewilders me. 大城市的交通使我晕头转向。
bias ['baiKs] n. 偏见，偏心，偏袒 vt. 使有偏见 【同】bent; preference; prejudice 【例】Our university has a bias in favor of the sciences. 我们的大学偏重理科。He has a bias against Japanese products. 他讨厌日本的产品。Her scientific bias showed itself in early childhood. 她在科学方面的倾向性在孩童时代就已显现出来。
biography [bai'OgrKfi] n. 传记 【例】He likes to read biographies of great men to promote himself. 他喜欢读伟人传记来提高自己。
biology [bai'OlKdZi] n. 生物学 【例】We have a biology lesson tomorrow. 明天我们有一节生物课。
blank [blblast [blA:st] n. 1.爆炸2.一阵（疾风等），一般（强烈的气流）vt. 炸，炸掉 【同】roar; boom; bang 【例】In one sense freedom is always in crisis, just as beauty as, and honor and truth —— all those things which man has made for himself as a garment against the ever-present blasts of the barbarian spirit. 正像美丽，名誉和真理一样，自由在某种意义上总是处于危机之中，──它们都是人类为了抵御阵阵永存的原始野性之狂风给自己制成的衣衫。A trumpeter sent out a warning blast. 号兵吹出告警的号声。Rock music blasted full from the parlor. 摇滚乐声震屋宇，从客厅传来。
bleak [bli:k] a. 1.没有希望的，凄凉2.荒凉的3.寒冷刺骨的 【同】barren; desolate; dreary 【例】The situation depicted by the author at the beginning of the passage is rather bleak. 作者在文章的开头描述了一付相当凄凉的画面。The weather in early December was bleak and unpleasant. 十二月初的天气又阴冷又难受。The future of this firm will be very bleak indeed if we keep losing money. 要是我们继续亏本的话，这家公司的前途会非常黯淡。
bleed [bli:d] vi. 出血，流血 vt. 勒索...的钱 【例】All the young soldiers are ready to bleed for the country. 所有的年轻战士都愿意为祖国洒热血。
blend [blend] v. （使）混合，（使）混杂 n.1.混合物2.混合，交融 【同】combine; mix; compound 【例】Those cottages blend well with the landscape. 那些农舍与周围的篱笆融为一体。The poem blends the separate ingredients into a unity. 这首诗把几个分开的部分融合为一体。
bloody ['blVdi] a. 1.[用于加强语气] 非常的，该死的，该受诅咒的2.血污的，流血 3.嗜杀的，残忍的 ad. [用于加强语气] 非常，很 vt. 使为血所污，血染 【例】Hundreds of soldiers died in this bloody battle. 成百上千的战士在这场血战中牺牲。
blunder ['blVndK] n. （因无知、粗心等造成的）错误 vi. 1.跌跌撞撞地走，慌乱地走2.犯错误 【同】stupid mistake; error; lapse 【例】Is man one of God’s blunder or is God one of man’s blunders? 是人类是上帝的大错，还是上帝是人类的大错？ I've made an awful blunder. 我做了一件大错特错的事。The police blundered badly by arresting the wrong man. 警方抓错了人，犯了荒唐的大错。
blush [blVS] vi. /n. 脸红 【例】She blushed when he scolded her. 他责备她时，她脸红了。The student murmured the answer with a blush. 那个学生红着脸小声说出了答案。
boiler ['bOilK] n.锅炉；热水贮槽 【例】I happened to meet him in the boiler room. 我碰巧在锅炉房碰到他。
bolt [bKult] n. 1.螺栓2.（门或窗的）插销，闩 vt. 闰，栓住 vi. 冲出去，逃跑 【例】We need an eye bolt to fit this valve. 我们需要一个有眼螺栓来固定这个阀门。The frightened boy bolted all the doors and windows. 这个吓坏了的孩子闩上了所有的门窗。
bond [bOnd] n. 1.联结，联系2.粘结剂，粘合剂3.公债，债券4.契约，合同 v. （使）粘合，（使）结合 【同】attachment; tie; union 【例】An honest man’s word is as good as his bond. 诚实的人的话跟他的契约一样可靠。Common tastes form a bond between the two men. 共同的爱好使两人结交为朋友。
bonus ['bKunKs] n. 1.奖金，红利2.额外给予的东西
boom [bu:m] n. 1.（营业等的）激增，（经济等的）繁荣，迅速发展2.隆隆声, 嗡嗡声 v. 1.激增，繁荣，迅速发展2.发出隆隆声 【同】roar; increase; swell 【例】Business is booming. 商业正在迅速发展。The oil market is enjoying a boom. 石油市场欣欣向荣。It's a boom year this year. 今年是繁荣昌盛的一年。
booth [bu:D] n. 1.（隔开的）小房间，公用电话亭，岗亭2.售货棚，货摊 【例】There is a telephone booth near the cinema. 电影院附近有一个电话亭。
bough [bau] n.树枝 【例】The bough was loaded with fruit. 树枝上果实累累。
bounce [bauns] vi. （使）弹起，（使）反弹，（使）颠跳 n. 弹，反弹 【例】The ball hit the wall and bounced off it. 球打在墙上又反弹回来。I bounced the baby on my knee. 我把婴儿放在膝上上下颠着。
boycott ['bOikOt] vt./n. （联合）抵制，拒绝参与 【同】avoid; strike; resist 【例】Athletes from several countries boycotted this Olympic Games. 有几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会。
brace [breis] vt. 1.使防备，使受锻炼2.支住，撑牢3.使绷紧 n. 支架，托架 【同】support; uphold; encourage 【例】The struts are firmly braced. 骨架的支柱很牢固。The struts are firmly braced. 那些支柱上得很牢固。
bracket ['brbrand [brbreed [bri:d] n. 产种，品种 vi. 繁殖，产vt. 1.饲养，繁殖2.养育，培育3.酿成，产生 【同】class; race; produce; propagate 【例】Familiarity breeds contempt. 熟悉滋生轻蔑。I had bred a dozen of chickens. 我饲养了12只小鸡。
breeze [bri:z] n. 微风，轻风 vi. 飘然而行 【例】We are enjoying the cool breeze that comes from the lake. 我们享受着湖面上吹来的凉爽微风。She breezed along, smiling at everyone. 她轻盈地向前走去，对每个人都嫣然含笑。He ran for president and breezed in. 他竞选总统，结果轻而易举地获胜了。He breezed through the task. 他轻松地做完了这项工作。
brilliant ['briliKnt] a. 1.光辉的，灿烂的2.卓越的，杰出的 【同】bright; splendid; shining 【例】My most brilliant achievement was my ability to be able to persuade my wife to marry me. 我最辉煌的成就是说服妻子嫁给我的能力。Stars are brilliant in the clear night sky. 星星在晴朗的夜空闪亮。
brim [brim] n. 1.帽檐2.（容器的）边，边缘 vi. 注满，充溢 【同】border; verge; boundary; margin 【例】If you cannot inspire a woman with love of you, full her above the brim with love of herself; all that runs over will be yours. 如果不能激起一位女子对你的爱，就用她对自己的爱盛满她吧。漫过边沿的那些都将属于你。He filled the cup to the brim. 他倒了满满一杯。He brimmed a cup with wine. 他斟满一杯酒。
brisk [brisk] a. 1.轻快的，生气勃勃的2.兴隆的，繁忙活跃的3.寒冷而清新的 【同】quick; lively; active 【例】His brisk walking aroused our curiosity. 他轻快的步伐引起了我们的好奇。A brisk walk in cool weather is invigorating. 在凉爽的天气里轻松地散步令人心旷神怡。
brittle ['britl] a. 1.易碎的，易损坏的2.脆弱的，靠不住的3.冷淡的，不友好的4.（声音）尖利的 【同】breakable; fragile; crisp 【例】Glasses and lasses are brittle ware. 玻璃和少女都是脆弱的东西。He has a brittle temper. 他脾气急。Constant stress has made our nerves brittle. 我们长期处于紧张状态，神经已经吃不消了。
brochure ['brKuSK] n. 小册子,小册
brutal ['bru:tl] a. 1.野兽般的，残忍的2.无情的，冷酷的，难以忍受的 【同】pitiless; harsh; unmerciful 【例】A brutal murderer killed ten people. 一个残忍的杀手杀死了几个人。Many a rich businessman reached the top by trampling on others in the most brutal way. 许多富商靠极其残酷地践踏别人而爬了上去。
bubble ['bVbl] n. 泡，水泡，气泡 vi. 冒泡，起泡 【同】well; boil; foam; erupt 【例】Truth is tough. It will not break, like a bubble, at a touch; you may kick it about all day like a football, and it will be round the full at evening. 真理是坚韧的。它不会像水泡似的一触即破。你可以拿它当足球整天踢来踢去，到晚上它还会是圆鼓鼓的。One generation blows bubbles, and the next breaks them. 前一代人制造出来的空洞理论，下一代人把它们打破。The gas bubbled to the surface of the water. 气体变成气泡升上水面。He bubbled questions. 他接二连三地提问题。
budget ['bVdZit] n. 预算，预算拨款 vi. (for)编预算，作安排 vt. 规划，安排 a. 低廉的，收费公道的 【同】expenditure; expenses; accounts 【例】The only good budget is a balanced budget. 只有平衡的预算才是好的预算。The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this year's budget. 人们期望财政大臣公布在本年度预算中削减税收。A family on a budget can't afford meat every day. 经济拮据的家庭不能每天享用肉食。With the limited budget, the government is unable to invest much money in education. 政府因预算有限，不能对教育进行大比投资。
buffet ['bVfit] n. 1.（火车站的）饮食柜台，（火车内的）餐车2.自助餐 vt. 反复敲打，连续猛击 【例】We had a buffet supper last evening. 昨天晚上，我们吃了一次自助晚餐。The ship buffeted through the big waves. 这艘船在波涛中奋勇前进。
bug [bVg] n. 1.虫子2.小病，（机器等）故障，缺陷3.窃听器 vt. 1.烦扰，纠缠2.在...装窃听器 【例】The police tested the room for bugs. 警察检查房间里是否放有窃听器。Our test flight was to discover the bugs in the new plane. 试验飞行是为了发现新飞机有何毛病。
bulb [bVlb] n.电灯泡；球状物 【例】Onions and lilies grow from bulbs. 洋葱和百合是从球茎中长出的。
bulk [bVlk] n. 1.(巨大)物体, (大)块, (大)团2.主体, 绝大部分3.(巨大的)体积, (大)量 vi. 变得越来越大（或重要）vt. 使更大（或更厚） 【同】mass; quantity; extent 【例】I do not have a high opinion of the bulk of mankind. I feel that the irrational forces in man’s nature are so strong that the rational forces have little chance of success against them. 我对人类的大部分没有多高的评价。我觉得人怀中非理发的力量是如此强大，理性力量几乎没有战胜它们的可能。Do they charge carriage by bulk? 他们是否按体积计算运费？ The cake bulked up. 蛋糕发起来了。
bull [bul] n. 1.公牛，雄兽2.买进证券（或商品等）投机图利者，（牟股市行情）看涨的人 【例】He likes to throw the bull. 他喜欢吹牛。
bulletin ['bulKtin] n. 1.（报纸、电台等）简明新闻，最新消息2.公告，布告，公报3.学报，期刊（尤指某机构的机关刊物） 【同】notice; release; announcement 【例】The medical association publishes a bulletin each mouth. 该医学协会每月刊印一期会刊。He posted a bulletin on the board. 他在布告板上贴了一张公告。
bump [bVmp] vi. 1.(against, into)碰，撞2.颠簸着前进 n. 1.碰撞，猛撞2.（碰撞造成的）肿块3.隆起物 【同】knock; bang; collide; crash 【例】He who hesitates gets bumped from the rear. 迟疑不决者会从后面挨撞。I've bumped my knee on the wall. 我的膝盖撞上了墙壁。We bumped up and down along the gravel path. 我们沿砾石小路颠簸而行。He fell down with a bump. 他噗通一声倒了下去。She got a bump on her head. 她头上撞起了一个包。
bundle ['bVndl] n. 捆，包，束 vt. 收集，归拢，把...塞入 【例】He sold a bundle of old magazines to the second hand bookstore. 他把一捆就杂志卖给了旧书店。
bureau ['bjuKrKu] n. 局，办事处，分社 【例】He worked in a travel bureau. 他在一家旅行社工作。
bypass ['baipA:s] n. 1.（绕过市镇的）旁道，迂回道2.分流术，旁通管 vt. 1.绕过，绕... 走2.越过，置...于不顾 【同】side route 【例】If we take the bypass, we will avoid the town center. 我们走旁道，就可以避开市镇中心。
by-product ['bai,prOdKt] n.副产品; (意外或无心的)附带生成的结果
C
cabbage ['kcabinet ['kcable ['keibl] n. 1.缆绳，钢索2.电缆3.（海底）电报 vt. 给...发电报，用电报传送 【例】A number of cables are needed in this project. 这项工程需要大量电缆。She cabled the good news about her arrival in Chicago. 她打电报说她已顺利到达芝加哥。
cafeteria [,kcalculate ['kcalendar ['kcamel ['kcanal [kK'ncandidate ['kcannon ['kcanoe [kK'nu:] n. 独木舟vi. 乘独木舟，划独木舟 【例】We crossed the lake in a canoe. 我们乘独木舟过河。
canteen [kcanvas ['kcapacity [kK'pcapitalism ['kcapsule ['kcaptive ['kcarbon ['kA:bKn] n. 碳 【例】The stick of carbon is often used in an electric arc lamp. 碳精棒常用于电弧灯。I make a carbon copy of my documents. 我用复写纸复写文件。
career [kK'riK] n. 生涯，职业 【例】His early career was not a great success. 他早期的生涯并不很成功。
carrier ['kcartoon [kA:'tu:n] n. 1.漫画，幽默画2.动画片 【同】joke; ridicule; satire 【例】Children usually like cartoons. 孩子们通常都喜欢动画片。
cassette [kK'set] n. 盒式录音（或录像）带 【例】He bought a new cassette recorder. 他买了一台新的盒式录音机。
casual ['kcasualty ['kcatalog ['kcategory ['kcaution ['kO:Sn] n. 1.小心，谨慎2.注意（事项），警告 vt. 警告，劝...小心 【同】heed; attention; warning 【例】Of all forms of caution, caution in love is perhaps most fatal to true happiness. 在所有的谨慎中，爱情上的谨慎也许是对于真正的祝福最重要的一种。He told us to proceed with caution. 他要我们谨慎行事。I must caution you against the danger. 我必须告诫你应谨防危险。
cautious ['kO:SKs] a. 十分小心的，谨慎的 【例】He is cautious in his choice of words. 他措辞很谨慎。She is cautious of telling secrets. 她很谨慎，不会泄露秘密。
cellar ['selK] n. 1.地窖，地下室2.酒窖 【例】The plumber went down to the cellar to fix the leaky pipe. 管道工到地下室去修漏水的管子。
cement [si'ment] n. 1.水泥2.胶结材料 vt. 1.粘结，胶合2.巩固，使团结 【例】The floor has been cemented over. 地板上铺了一层水泥。Our object is to further cement trade relations. 我们的目标是进一步加强贸易关系。
census ['sensKs] n. 人口普查，统计 【同】official counting of all the people 【例】The population of China is nearly 1.3 billion according to the latest census. 根据最近一项人口普查，中国人口接近13亿。The census is taken one time every four years in our country. 我国每四年一次人口普查。
centigrade ['sentigreid] a. 摄氏的
centimetre ['senti,mi:tK] n. 厘米 【例】The boy is 150 centimetres tall. 这个男孩有150厘米高。He is 5 centimetres taller than her. 他比她高5公分。
certainty ['sK:tnti] n. 1.必然的事，确定的事实2.确信，确实 【例】I can't say with any certainty where I shall be next week. 我说不准下星期在什么地方。We have no certainty of success. 我们没有成功的把握。
challenge ['tSchannel ['tSchaos ['keiOs] n. 混乱，紊乱 【同】confusion; disorder; discord 【例】The burglar left the house in chaos. 盗贼走后，屋子里一片混乱。After the failure of the electricity supplies the city was in chaos. 电力供应中断，城市陷于混乱之中。
characteristic [,kcharacterize ['kcharity ['tSchart [tSA:t] n. 1.图，图表2.航图，海图 vt. 用图表表示，在图上表示 【例】Can you read the weather chart? 你能看懂气象图吗？ The pilot charted the plane's course. 飞行员制定了飞机的航线。
charter ['tSA:tK] n. 1.宪章，共同纲领2.特许证，许可证3.(飞机、汽车等的)包租, 包机 vt. 包，租（飞机、汽车等）a. 包租的，租用的 【同】hiring of a bus (or ship) 【例】The company chartered 10 cars for the celebration of it foundation. 这个公司为庆祝其成立，包租了10 辆汽车。The holiday-makers chartered a boat to go fishing. 渡假者租了一艘船去钓鱼。The company was granted a charter trade in the occupied territory. 这家公司被授予特权，可以在被占领地区进行贸易活动。
chemical ['kemikl] a. 化学的n. 化学制品 【例】My major is the subject of chemical engineering. 我的专业是化学工程学。We are doing a chemical experiment. 我们正在做化学实验。
chemist ['kemist] n. 1.化学家2.药剂师，药商 【例】I bought aspirin at the chemist's on the corner. 我在大街拐角的药房买了阿司匹林。The famous chemist won the Nobel Prize. 那个著名的化学家赢得了诺贝尔奖。
cherish ['tSeriS] vt. 1.珍爱，珍视2.爱护，抚育3.抱有，怀有（希望、想法、感情等） 【同】value; esteem; love 【例】People who don’t cherish their elderly have forgotten where they came and where they go. 不敬老的人忘了自己从何处来，也忘了自己到何方去。One of our cherished privileges is the right of free speech. 我们所珍视的权利之一是言论自由。Never cherish a serpent in your bosom. 永远不要施恩于忘恩负义之人。
chestnut ['tSesnVt] n.栗子 【例】These chestnuts are of bright reddish-brown. 这些栗子是鲜亮的红褐色。
chew [tSu:] v. & n. 咀嚼，咬 【例】You must chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物吞下去之前先要细细咀嚼。I'll think about it while I have a chew. 我吃饭时会想想看。
childish ['tSaildiS] a.孩子的；幼稚的 【例】The little girl spoke in a high childish voice. 小女孩说话时声音尖尖的，带着童音。
chill [tSil] vt. 使变冷，使冷冻，使感到冷 1.寒冷，寒气2.风寒，寒战 【例】The night air chilled his bones. 夜间的寒气使他感到冰冷彻骨。The sight sent a chill to her heart. 这情景使她心寒。There was a chill in the air this morning. 今天早上有点冷冰冰的。
chin [tSin] n. 下巴，颏 【例】He was so fat that he had a double chin. 他胖得有双下巴了。
choke [tSKuk] v. 1.（使）窒息，呛2.塞满，塞住 【同】smother; gasp; drown 【例】An old woman was found choked to death. 发现一个老妇人被掐死了。She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。
chorus ['kO:rKs] n. 1.合唱队2.合唱，合唱曲3.副歌，叠句4.齐声，齐声说的话（或发出的喊声）vt. 齐声说，随声附和 【例】The papers all chorused the praises of the President. 各报都异口同声地对总统表示赞扬。
chronic ['krOnik] a. 1.(疾病)慢性的，（人）久病的2.长久的，不断的3.积习难改的 【同】persistent; constant; habitual 【例】The country has a chronic unemployment problem. 这个国家长期存在失业问题。My brother has chronic bronchitis. 我的哥哥患有慢性支气管炎。There is a chronic unemployment problem in America. 在美国存在长期失业问题。
circuit ['sK:kit] n. 1.电路，线路2.环行，环行道 【例】The rocket did one circuit of the earth and returned to base. 火箭绕地球运行一周后返回基地。
circular ['sK:kjulK] a. 1.圆形的，环行的2.循环的，兜圈子的 n. 通知，通告 【例】The full moon has a circular form. 满月呈圆形。Stop giving me circular explanations and tell me what really happened. 别拐弯抹角地解释了，告诉我究竟发生了什么。
circulate ['sK:kjuleit] v. 1.（使）循环，（使）流通2.（使）流传，散布，传播 【例】Blood circulates through the body. 血液在体内循环。The news of her death circulated quickly. 她死去的消息迅速传开。Please open a window to allow the air to circulate. 打开窗子让空气流通。
circumference [sK:'kVmfKrKns] n.圆周，周长，圆周线 【例】The circumference of the earth is almost 25,000 miles. 地球的圆周长约为两万五千英里。
circus ['sK:kKs] n. 1.马戏，马戏团2.喧闹的场面3.环形广场 【例】The children are trying to persuade their mother to allow them to go to the circus. 孩子们试图说服妈妈让他们去看马戏。
cite [sait] vt. 1.引用，引证2.传唤，传讯3.表彰，嘉奖 【同】summon; quote; mention 【例】The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. 魔鬼为了他的目的也会引用圣经。He was cited for contempt of court. 他因蔑视法庭而被传讯。It's no use citing the Bible to somebody who doesn't believe in God. 对不信上帝的人引用圣经的话是没用的。The soldier was cited by the king for his bravery. 这士兵由于英勇而受到国王的褒扬。
civil ['sivKl] a. 1.公民（间）的，国内的2.平民的，文职的，民用的3.民事的，民法的4.文明的，有教养的 【例】Man is a civil creature. 人是社会动物。It was a civil case so there was no question of him being sent to prison. 这是一桩民事案件，因此他没有被送进监狱 的可能。
civilian [si'viliKn] n. 平民，百姓 【例】People are indignant by their shooting of innocent civilians. 对于他们枪杀无辜平民，人们感到义愤填膺。
civilize ['sivilaiz] vt. 使文明，使开化 【例】Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife. 许多粗野的男人在妻子的开导下变得文雅了。
clap [klclarity ['klclash [klclassical ['klclassification [,klclassify ['klclaw [klO:] n. 爪，脚爪 v. （用爪）抓，撕 【例】A hen's claw has three toes. 母鸡的脚爪有三个脚趾。Cats have sharp claws. 猫有锋利的爪子。The editor got his claws into the opposition in a vicious editorial. 那个编辑在一篇社论中恶毒地攻击了反对 派。Anxiety clawed him. 忧虑撕裂他的心。
client ['klaiKnt] n. 委托人，当事人，顾客 【例】If a lawyer has plenty of clients, he grows rich. 律师如果有大量的诉讼委托人，就会财源不断。
cliff [klif] n. 悬崖，峭壁 【例】The man committed suicide by jumping off the cliff. 那人跳下悬崖自杀。
climate ['klaimKt] n. 1.气候，气候区2.风气，气氛 【同】weather; atmosphere 【例】In a happy marriage, it is the wife who provides the climate, the husband the landscape. 在幸福的婚姻中，提供气候的是妻子，而丈夫只是提供风景。Britain has a temperate climate. 英国气候温和。
climax ['klaimcling ['kliN] 坚持，?墨守;依靠?依恋 (to) 【同】adhere; stick; hold fast【例】The rich who are unhappy are worse off than the poor who are unhappy; for the poor, at least, cling to the hopeful illusion that more money would solve their problems —— but the rich know better. 不幸福的富人比不幸福的贫人更糟，因为穷人至少还紧抱着多些钱就会解决自己的问题这样充满希望的幻想──而富人知道事实并非如此。
clip [klip] n. 1.(弹簧)夹子, 回形针, 别针2.弹夹, 弹仓3.剪, 修剪4.剪报, 电影(或电视)片断 vt. 1.(用夹子、回形针等)夹住, 扣住2.剪, 修剪3.削减, 缩短 【例】The bus driver clipped our tickets to show we had used them. 公共汽车司机在我们的车票上打孔，标明使用过了。We clipped our visit by a week. 我们将访问缩短了一周。She wore a diamond clip on her new dress. 她在新衣服上戴了一枚钻石别针。
clockwise ['klOkwaiz] ad.& a. 顺时针方向地（的）
clue [klu:] n. 线索，提示 【同】sign; proof; evidence 【例】Appearances are not held to be a clue to the truth. 人们并不认为现象是真理的线索。
clumsy ['klVmzi] a. 1.笨拙的，粗陋的2.不得体的，不策略的 【同】inexpert; awkward; unskillful 【例】A clumsy artist is always wearing other’s glasses. 拙劣的艺术家总是戴着别人的眼镜。It's not easy walking in these clumsy shoes. 穿着这双笨重的鞋走路真难受。。
cluster ['klVstK] n. 1.（果实、花等的）串，簇2.（人、物等的）群，组 vi. 群集，丛生 vt. 使群集，集中 【例】You can see stars in clusters in the night sky. 你可以看到夜空中的星群。The men clustered together round the fire and sang songs. 人们聚集在篝火周围唱歌。
coarse [kO:s] a. 1.粗的，粗糙的2.粗劣的3.粗俗的 【同】rough; crude; unrefined 【例】His coarse manners shocked everyone. 他的粗鲁的举止使每个人震惊。
code [kKud] n. 1.准则，法规2.密码，代码 vt. 把...编码 【例】I can break the code of this box. 我能破译这个箱子的密码。The Highway Code has been carried. 公路法规已经被执行。
coherent [kK'hiKrKnt] a. 1.条理清楚的，连贯的2.一致的，协调的 【同】consistent; compatible; cooperative 【例】The sentences in a paragraph should be coherent. 段落中的句子应该具有连贯性。
coil [kOil] n. 1.（一）卷，（一）圈2.线圈 v. 卷，盘绕 【例】He passed me a coil of thread. 他递给我一卷线。She coiled her hair at the back of her head. 她把头发盘在脑后。The snake coiled itself around the tree. 蛇盘绕在树上。
coincide [,kKuin'said] vi. 1.同时发生2.相符，相一致3.位置重合，重叠
coincidence [kKu'insidKns] n. 1.巧合，巧事2.（意见、爱好等的）一致，符合 【同】agreement; incident; chance 【例】We are in coincidence in habits. 我们习惯相同。What a coincidence! 多巧的事啊!  By coincidence, we arrived here at the same time. 我们凑巧一同到达这儿。
collaborate [kK'lcollective [kK'lektiv] a. 集体的，共同的 n. 团体，集体 【同】massed; cooperative; gathering 【例】Patriotism is a lively sense of collective responsibility. 爱国主义是一种生动的集体责任感。In a system of collective bargaining, the workers as a group negotiate with the managers of the company. 在劳资集体谈判制度下，工人作为一个团体同公司经理进行谈判。
collide [kK'laid] vi. 1.碰撞，互撞2.冲突，抵触
collision [kK'liZn] n. 1.碰撞2.冲突，抵触 【同】impact; conflict; encounter 【例】Football is not a contact sport. It is a collision sport. Dancing is a good example of a contact sport. 足球不是接触运动。它是冲撞运动。跳舞是接触运动的好例子。The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker. 据报道，这艘客轮与一艘油轮相撞。Five persons died during the collision between two buses. 5个人死于公共汽车相撞。
colonel ['kK:nl] n. 上校 【例】The colonel ordered their soldiers to gather on the deck. 上校命令士兵们在甲板上集合。
colonial [kK'lKuniKl] a. 殖民地的 【例】The new house he bought was colonial architecture. 他新买的房子是美国初期的建筑。
combat ['kOmbcomedy ['kOmKdi] n. 1.喜剧2.喜剧性（事件） 【同】drama; entertainment; sensation 【例】Comedy, we may say, is society protecting itself. 可以说，喜剧是社会在保护自己。He prefers comedies to tragedies. 他比较喜欢喜剧而不太喜欢悲剧。There is not much comedy in modern war. 现代战争并不是好玩的事。
commemorate [kK'memKreit] vt. 纪念，庆祝 【同】honor; celebrate 【例】We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们必须放假一天以庆祝国庆。Christmas commemorates the birth of Christ. 圣诞节是为了纪念耶酥的诞生。A monument was built to commemorate the victory. 为了纪念胜利，建造了一座纪念碑。
commence [kK'mens] v. 开始 【同】start; originate; begin; enter upon 【例】When a couple of young people strongly devoted to each other, commence to eat onions, it is safe to pronounce them engaged. 当一对相互恋爱的年轻人开始吃洋葱时，说他们订了婚准不会错。The second term commences in March. 第二学期自三月开始。
commend [kK'mend] vt. 1.表扬，称赞2.推荐 【同】praise; entrust; promote; laud 【例】His work was highly commended. 他的工作备受赞赏。Approve not of him who commends all you say. 不要称许对你的话句句赞扬的人。
comment ['kOment] n. 1.评论，意见2.闲话，议论 vt. 评论 【例】He made several favorable comments about their candidate. 他对他们的候选人发表了一些有利的评论。The minister refused to comment on the rumors of his resignation. 部长拒绝就他辞职一事的传闻发表评论。
commercial [kK'mK:Sl] a. 1.商业的，商务的2.商品化的，商业性的 n. 商业广告 【例】New York is a big commercial city. 纽约是一座大的商业城市。
commission [kK'miSn] n. 1.委员会2.佣金，回扣3.授权，委托 vt. 委任，委托 【同】commitment; authorization; duty 【例】Advertising agency, eighty-five percent confusion and fifteen percent commission. 广告代理公司：百分之八十五的糊涂加上百分之十五的佣金。He has secured two commissions to design buildings for a local authority. 他已承包两项为当地政府设计建筑物的业务。
commit [kK'mit] vt. 1.犯（错误、罪行等）干（蠢事、坏事等）2.(oneself)使承担义务，使承诺3.(to)把...托付给，把...置于4.调拨...供使用，拨出 【例】She committed herself to philanthropy. 她专心从事慈善事业。The girl was committed to the care of an aunt. 这女孩被交给姨母照顾。He would not commit himself in any way. 他不愿做出任何承诺。
commonplace ['kOmKnpleis] a. 普通的，平庸的 n. 寻常的事物，平庸的东西 【同】usual; conventional; common 【例】He is not at all exceptional; in fact, he’s really rather commonplace. 他毫不出奇实际上平庸的很。
commonsense ['kOmKn'sens] n.常识
commonwealth ['kOmKnwelT] n. 1.[the C-] 英联邦2.联邦，联合体
communicate [kK'mju:nikeit] vi. 1.交流，交际，通讯2.连接，相通 vt. 1.传达，传播2.传染 【例】He has communicated his wishes to me. 他已经把他的愿望告诉了我。I can't communicate with them; the radio doesn't work. 我无法和他们联系，无线电坏了。The door communicates with my room. 这门和我的房间相通。As soon as a child becomes old enough to communicate with other children, he begins having friends, who sometimes influence him more rapidly than families do.当一个孩子长到足以和其他人交流时，他开始交朋友，这些朋友有时比家庭对他影响更快。
communication [kK,mju:ni'keiSn] n. 1.交流，交际，通讯2.[pl.] 通信（或交通）工具，交通联系 【例】I am in communication with him on this subject. 关于这问题，我正和他交换意见。Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。
commute [kK'mju:t] vi. 乘公交车上下班，经常乘车（或船等）往返于两地 vt. 1.减（刑）2.折合，折偿n. 上下班交通
compact ['kOmpcomparable ['kOmpKrKbl] a. (with, to)1.可比较的，类似的2.比得上的 【同】corresponding; alike; equivalent 【例】The quality of the commodity in this store is comparable to that in the other stores. 这个商店的商品质量可以和其他商店的商品相媲美。A comparable car would cost far more abroad. 类似的车子在国外要贵的多。His handwriting is not bad, but it's hardly comparable with yours. 他的书法不错，但是很难和你的相比。
comparative [kKm'pcompartment [kKm'pA:tmKnt] n. 1.卧车包房（客车车厢内的）隔间2.分隔的空间 【例】The first-class compartments are in the front of the train. 头等车室在列车的前面。This is a case with separate compartments for shoes, jewelry, etc. 这是一个分格存放鞋、珠宝等的箱子。
compatible [kKm'pcompel [kKm'pel] vt. 强迫，迫使 【同】enforce; constrain; force 【例】The heavy rain compelled us to stay indoors. 大雨迫使我们呆在户内。His cleverness and skill compel our admiration. 他的聪明和技巧使我们赞叹不已。
compensate ['kOmpKnseit] v. 补偿，弥补，抵消 【同】make up; counterbalance; repay; return 【例】True tragedy may be defined as a dramatic work in which the outward failure of the principal personage is compensated for by the dignity and greatness of his character. 真正的悲剧可以这样定义：一部剧作，剧中主人公的表面失败由其人格的高贵伟大予以补偿。Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 什么都不能补偿健康受损。Because of these unique advantages offered by CAI (computer aid Instruction), nothing can compensate for the freedom to be my own master in learning, the pleasure of keeping my knowledge up-to-date, and curiosity about more unknown fields. 由于用CAI 学习有这些独特的优点，所以，没有什么东西可以抵得上做自己学习上的主人的自由、使自己的知识不断更新的乐趣以及对更多未知领域的好奇。
compensation [,kOmpen'seiSn] n. 1.补偿（或赔偿）的款物2.补偿，赔偿 【例】Compensation of injured workers has cost the company a lot. 公司花了一大笔钱赔偿受伤的工人。My job is hard, but it has its compensation. 我的工作虽苦，但也有所补偿。
compete [kKm'pi:t] vi. 竞争，比赛 【例】We have limited funds and several competing claims. 我们的基金有限而争相申请的却有几处。We should compete for our survival.我们应该为生存而竞争。While the small family has a unique advantage, it cannot compete with the large family. 虽然小家庭有独特的优点，但它仍不能和大家庭相提并论。
competent ['kOmpitKnt] a. 有能力的，能胜任的 【同】qualified; adequate; effective 【例】He is not competent to look after young children. 他没有照看小孩的本事。We know you are competent in doing this job. 我们知道你可以胜任这项工作。Is Mary competent as a teacher? 玛丽胜任教师的工作吗？
competitive [kKm'petKtiv] a. 1.竞争的，比赛的2.好竞争的, 求胜心切的3.（价格等）有竞争力的 【同】competing; opposing; rival; aggressive 【例】No longer is our firm competitive in world market. 我们公司在世界市场上已不具有竞争力。Our prices are competitive. 我们的价格是有竞争性的。America is a competitive society. 美国是一个充满竞争的社会。
compile [kKm'pail] vt. 汇编，编制，编纂
complaint [kKm'pleint] n. 1.抱怨，诉苦2.投诉，控告3.疾病 【同】objection; accusation; illness 【例】If you receive a customer complaint letter, give him or her what he or she wants. 如果收到顾客提出意见的信，就要满足顾客的要求。You have no cause for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨。I have a complaint of the chest. 我胸部不适。
complement ['kOmplimKnt] n. 1.补充，互为补充的东西2.编制名额，装备定额3.补（足）语 vt. 补充，与...相配 【同】supplement; addition; counterpart 【例】Guilt always hurries towards its complement, punishment; only there does its satisfaction lie. 罪行总是匆匆赶向它的配对物──惩罚，它只有在那里才能得到满足。This wine complements the food perfectly. 用这种酒配这种菜肴最妙不过了。A wine is a complement to a good meal. 美食加美酒才算完备。
completion [kKm'pli:Sn] n.完成，结束，完满 【例】Completion of the building work is taking longer than expected. 建筑工程的竣工比预计时间要长。The film is on the point of completion. 电影制作即将完成。You may move into the house on completion. 办完手续后，你就可以搬进去。
complicated ['kOmplikeitid] a. 复杂的，难懂的 【同】complex; confused; sophisticated 【例】I never blame failures —— there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort. 我从不责备失败──生活中复杂的情况实大太多；但是对于不肯努力，我绝对不讲情面。
complication [,kOmpli'keiSn] n. 1.（新出现的）困难，难题2.并发症 【例】I have enough complication in my life. 我生活里的麻烦已经够多了。A further complication was his refusal to travel by air. 更麻烦的是他不肯坐飞机旅行。Complications set in, and the patient died. 病人因出现并发症而死亡。
compliment ['kOmplimKnt] n. 1.赞美（话），恭维（话）2.[pl.] 致意，问候 vt. 赞美，恭维 【同】tribute; approval; flattery 【例】Whenever a man’s friends begin to compliment him about looking young, he may be sure that they think he is growing old. 当一个人的朋友都恭维他看上去还年轻时，那么这个人就可肯定自己已经变老了。Your presence is a great compliment. 承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。He complimented us with tickets for the football game. 他送给我们足球赛的门票。He complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it. 他连看都没看一眼，就称颂她的新衣服。She smiled when he paid her a compliment. 他恭维她时，她笑了笑。Things in classroom always go like this: teachers ask students to give their own different answers to the questions, but when students do speak up, they seldom get compliments for unique answers. 教室里的情形通常是这样的：老师要求学生用自己的观点回答问题。而当学生这样做的时候，老师却很少对独特的答案予以表扬。
comply [kKm'plai] vi. (with)遵从，依从，服从 【同】conform; agree; obey 【例】He that complies against his will is of his own opinion still. 违心服从的人仍然保留着自己的看法。Everyone should comply with the law. 每个人都应该遵守法律。
compose [kKm'pKuz] vt. 1.组成，构成2.创作（乐曲、诗歌等），为...谱曲3.使平静，使镇静 【例】He was composing at the piano at the age of seven. 他7岁时就会用钢琴作曲。Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。
comprehend [,kOmpri'hend] v. 理解，领会 【例】If you can use a word correctly and effectively you comprehend it. 你如果可以正确有效地使用一个词，你就是了解它了。
comprehension [,kOmpri'henSn] n. 1.理解（力）2.理解力测验
comprehensive [,kOmpri'hensiv] a. 广泛的，综合的 【例】She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科。The reporter has made a comprehensive report. 记者已做了全面的报道。
compress ['kOmpres] vt. 压紧，压缩 【同】condense; concentrate; reduce 【例】To write or to speak is almost inevitably to lie a little. It is an attempt to clothe an intangible form; to compress an immeasurable into a mold. 无论作文还是说话，都几乎难免搀点儿假。那是试图以有形的形式表达无形的东西，试图将无限的东西压缩在一个模子里。The film compresses several years into half an hour. 这部电影将几年的事压缩于半小时内。
comprise [kKm'praiz] vt. 1.包含，包括，由...组成2.构成，组成 【例】A cricket team is comprised of eleven players. 一个板球队由11名队员组成。This month's figures are comprised in the total. 这个月的数字已包含在总数之内。
compromise ['kOmprKmaiz] n. 妥协，折中办法 vi. 妥协 vt. 危及，放弃（原则、理想等） 【同】concession; reconciliation 【例】All life is essentially the contributions that come from compromise. 整个人生基本上是妥协的结果。Progress has been made towards a political compromise between the two nations. 两国之间的政治和解已经取得进展。They refused to compromise their principles by doing a deal with the terrorists. 他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受到损害。
compulsory [kKm'pVlsKri] a. 必须做的，强制性的，（课程）必修的 【同】obligatory; required; necessary 【例】Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind. 强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体，但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。Is military service compulsory in your country? 你们国家实行义务兵役制吗？ Is English a compulsory subject? 英语是必修科目吗？
compute [kKm'pju:t] v. 计算，估算 【例】Scientists have computed the probable course of the rocket. 科学家利用计算机计算了火箭可能运行的轨道。He computed his losses at USD5,000. 他估计自己损失5000美元。
conceal [kKn'si:l] vt. 隐藏，掩盖，隐瞒 【同】cover; hide; screen 【例】Adversity reveals genius; fortune conceals it. 厄运显现才华，好运掩盖天资。It is wrong for a man to conceal things from his wife. 一个男人对妻子隐瞒事情是不对的。He concealed himself behind the tree. 他藏在树后。
conceive [kKn'si:v] vt. 1.（构）想出，认为2.怀（胎）vi. 1.(of)构想出，设想2.怀孕 【同】imagine; believe; visualize; envision 【例】As long as I can conceive something better than myself I cannot be easy unless I am striving to bring it into existence or clearing the way for it. 只要能想象出比我好的东西，我就安不下心来，除非我在努力使用权之成为现实，或者为之铺平道路。I can't conceive of your allowing the child to travel alone. 我想不通你怎么会让孩子独自去旅行。
concentrate ['kOnsKntreit] vi. 1.全神贯注，全力以赴2.集中，聚集 vt. 1.集中，聚集2.浓缩 n. 浓缩物，浓缩液 【例】I can't concentrate on my work when I'm tired. 我累了就无法集中精力工作。The crowds concentrated round the palace. 人群汇集在宫殿的四周。
concerning [kKn'sK:niN] prep. 关于
concession [kKn'seSn] n. 1.让步，妥协2.特许，特许权3.承认，认可 【同】granting; giving in; yielding 【例】The concessions of the weak are the concessions of fear. 弱者的让步是恐惧的让步。We will make some concession in price. 我们将在价格上做些让步。
concise [kKn'sais] a. 简明的，简要的 【同】brief; condensed; short 【例】The Concise Oxford Dictionary (COD) is a good assistant to English learners. 对英语学习者来说，《牛津英汉简明词典》是个好帮手。
concrete ['kONkri:t] a. 实在的，具体的 n. 混凝土 【同】particular; definite; detailed 【例】This post is made of concrete. 这根柱子是混凝土做的。Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty? 处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？
condemn [kKn'dem] vt. 1.谴责2.判...刑，宣告...有罪 【同】blame; criticize; accuse 【例】I wonder how anyone can have the face to condemn others when he reflects upon his own thought. 奇怪，有人既然反省了自己的思想，怎么还能有脸去指责别人。We condemned him for his bad conduct. 我们责备他行为不检点。The criminal was condemned to death. 这个罪犯被判死刑。The captured ship and her cargo were condemned. 这艘被俘获的船及其货物均被没收。
condense [kKn'dens] 1.（使）冷凝，（使）凝结2.浓缩，压缩，简缩 【同】compress; contract; abridge 【例】Steam condenses into water when cooling down. 蒸汽冷却时凝结成水。
conditional [kKn'diSKnl] a. 有条件的,假定的 【同】subject to; tentative 【例】The operation is conditional to the formulation. 运算应符合公式。
conductivity [,kOndVk'tiviti] n. 导电率,传导率,传导度
conductor [kKn'dVktK] n. 1.（乐队）指挥2.（公共汽车等的）售票员，列车长3.导体 【例】She is a bus conductor. 她是一名公共汽车售票员。
confer [kKn'fK:] vi. 商谈，商议 vt. (on)授予，赋予 【同】award; present; discuss; converse 【例】The Queen conferred knighthood on several distinguished men. 女王将爵士头衔授予几位杰出人才。The Queen conferred knighthood on several distinguished men. 女王将爵士头衔授予几位杰出人士。
conference ['kOnfKrKns] n. 1.（正式）会议2.讨论，商谈 【例】He is in conference and cannot come to the telephone. 他在开会，没空来接电话。You will see him at the press conference. 你会在记者招待会上见到他的。
confess [kKn'fes] v. 1.坦白，供认2.承认 【同】assert; utter; acknowledge 【例】I am not ashamed to confess that I am ignorant of what I do not know. 我不耻于承认对自己不懂的事情的无知。He
confident ['kOnfidKnt] a. 1.确信的，肯定的2.有信心的，自信的 【例】He felt at ease and confident about the future. 他对未来感到轻松自在并且充满信心。We are confident of victory. 我们确信能胜利。
confidential [,kOnfi'denSl] a. 1.秘密的，机密的2.表示信任（或亲密的）3.担任机密工作的                 【同】intimate; private; secret 【例】He was an author whose works were so little known as to be almost confidential. 他是一位作家，其作品是如些鲜为人知，以至几乎成为机密。Don't be too confidential with strangers. 不要过分相信陌生人。He told me the confidential information. 他向我透露了这个秘密的信息。
confine [kKn'fain] vt. 1.限制，使局限2.使不外出，禁闭 n.[pl.] 界限，范围 【同】imprison; restrain; enslave 【例】The world owes all its onward impulses to men ill at ease. The happy man inevitably confines himself within ancient limits. 世界前进的全部动力都归功于对现状不满的人。感到愉快的人必在把自己限在旧框框之内。I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演说者不要离题。The thief was confined in a prison. 窃贼被关押在监狱里。
confirm [kKn'fK:m] vt. 1.证实，肯定2.进一步确定，确认3.批准 【例】The news confirmed my resolution. 这消息加强了我的决心。He looked around to confirm that he was alone. 他四处张望，要确定周围没人。
conflict ['kOnflikt] n. 1.冲突，抵触，争论2.战斗，战争 vi. 冲突，抵触 【同】clash; opposition; contrast 【例】A marriage without conflicts is almost as inconceivable as a nation without crisis. 没有冲突的婚姻几乎同没有危机的国家一样难以想象。The long drawn-out conflict between the employers and workers led to the strike last week. 劳资之间旷日持久的纠纷导致了上周的罢工。
conform [kKn'fO:m] vi. (to, with)1.遵守，适应，顺从2.相似，一致，符合 【同】comply; accord; submit 【例】A society can’t exist only by moral thoughts, it needs also deeds which conform to this moral thoughts. 社会仅凭道观无法存在。它还需要与之相应的行动。She refused to conform to the normal social conventions. 她拒绝遵从正常的社会习俗。The building does not conform to safety regulations. 这座建筑物不符合安全条例。
confront [kKn'frVnt] vt. 1.迎面遇到，遭遇2.勇敢地面对，正视3.使对质，使当面对证 【同】meet; oppose; counter 【例】He who confronts the paradoxical exposes himself to reality. 面对自相矛盾之事的人使自己接触到现实。They confronted the prisoner with his accusers. 他们让犯人与原告对质。Confronted by an angry crowd the police retreated. 警察面对愤怒的人群只好后撤了。A soldier often has to confront danger. 士兵常常要身临险境。
confuse [kKn'fju:z] vt. 1.使困惑，把...弄糊涂2.混淆，把...混同3.混乱，搞乱 【例】They asked so many questions that they confused me. 他们问了许许多多问题，把我弄糊涂了。Please don't confuse Australia with Austria. 别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。
congratulate [kKn'grcongratulation [kKn,grconjunction [kKn'dZVNkSn] n. 1.接合，连接，联合2.连（接）词 【例】The conjunction of workmanship and artistry in making jewelry decides the value of the jewelry. 在珠宝饰物的制造中，手工与艺术的结合决定了珠宝的价值。
connection [kK'nekSn] （connexion）n. 1.联系，（因果）关系2.连接（部分），衔接3.[pl.] 熟人，关系（户） 【例】What is the connection between the two ideas? 这两个概念之间有何联系？
conquest ['kONkwest] n. 攻取，征服，克服 【例】They succeeded in the conquest of the city. 他们成功地征服了这座城市。
conscience ['kOnSKns] n. 良心 【同】moral; morals; shame 【例】A brave man risks his life, but not his conscience. 勇敢的人用生命冒险，但不以良心冒险。She gave him back the money she'd stolen for the sake of her conscience. 为了不受良心的谴责，她把从他那偷来的钱还给他了。
conscientious [,kOnSi'enSKs] a. 认真的，勤勤恳恳的 【例】She is a conscientious teacher. 她是一个有责任心的教师。We should be conscientious to our work. 我们应该对工作负责。
conscious ['kOnSKs] a. 1.意识到的，自觉的2.神志清醒的3.有意的，存心的 【例】He was very conscious of his shortcomings. 他对自己的缺点十分清楚。He was badly hurt, but he still remained conscious. 他伤得很重，但仍未失去知觉。
consciousness ['kOnSKsnKs] n.意识，觉悟；知觉 【例】When will the patient regain his consciousness? 这个病人什么时候恢复知觉？This experience helped to change her social consciousness. 这次经验有助于帮助她改变社会意识。They often complain that the development of cities will gradually deprive the dwellers of the closeness to nature, of the freedom on land, and even of the consciousness of seasons. 他们常抱怨道：城市的发展将使人们逐渐失去与大自然的近距离接触，失去在大堤上活动的自由，甚至失去对季节的感觉。
consensus [kKn'sensKs] n. （意见等）一致，一致同意 【同】agreement; unanimity; accord 【例】For a non-profit-seeking organization, success often lies in consensus. 对于非盈利企业，成功往往取决于一致意见。
conservation [,kOnsK'veiSn] n. 保存，（对自然资源的）保护，避免浪费 【同】inaction; stability; protection 【例】A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation. 不具备某种变革手段的国家也不具备保存自己的手段。Most people have come to accept the need for conservation of natural resources. 现在大多数人已认识到保护自然资源的必要。Who discovered the conservation of energy? 谁发现了能量守恒？
conservative [kKn'sK:vKtiv] a. 1.保守的，守旧的2.（式样等）不时新的，传统的n. 保守的人 【例】He was very conservative in the estimate. 他的这一估计很保守。
considerable [kKn'sidKrKbl] a. 相当大（或多）的 【例】The mayor is a considerable official. 市长是一位重要的官员。He bought the house at considerable expense. 他花了很多钱买了这所房子。
considerate [kKn'sidKrKt] a. 体贴的，体谅的 【同】sympathetic; thoughtful 【例】A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate. 同意分享的孩子知道为人着想。
consideration [kKn,sidK'reiSn] n. 1.考虑，要考虑的事2.体贴，关心
consistent [kKn'sistKnt] a. 1.坚持的，一贯的2.一致的，符合的 【同】compatible; rational; matching 【例】Consistency is contrary to nature, contrary to life. The only completely consistent people are the dead. 一成不变违反自然，违反生命。能够做到始终完全如一的只有死人。What you're saying now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与上星期你说的不相符。I left as early as it was consistent with politeness. 我在不失礼的情况下提前离去了。The last five years have seen a consistent improvement in the country's economy. 在最近的五年里，这个国家的经济状况一直 在好转。
consolidate [kKn'sOlideit] v. 1.巩固，加强2.(把...)联为一体，合并 【同】unite; compress; pack; fuse 【例】All the debts have been consolidated. 所有债务均已合并。He bribes his leader to consolidate his position. 他贿赂他的领导来巩固他的地位。The two companies consolidated last year. 这两个公司去年合并了。
conspicuous [kKn'spikjuKs] a. 显眼的，明显的 【同】outstanding; eminent; striking 【例】If you’re walking along a badly-lit road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 晚上在照明很差的路上，应该穿显眼的衣服。A traffic sign should be conspicuous. 交通标志应该明显。Lincoln is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded. 林肯是一个穷苦孩子而功成名就的出色例子。
constituent [kKn'stitjuKnt] n. 1.选民，选区居民2.成分，组分a. 组成的，构成的 【例】Analyze the sentence into its constituent parts. 把这条句子的各个成份加以分析。Do you know the constituents of the mixture? 你知道这种混合物的成份吗？
constitute ['kOnstitju:t] vt. 1.组成，构成，形成2.设立，建立，任命 【例】Twelve months constitute one year. 十二个月构成一年。Laws are constituted to protect individual rights and properties. 法律是为保卫人民的权利和财产而制定的。
constitution [,kOnsti'tju:Sn] n. 1.宪法，章程2.体质，素质3.组成，设立 【同】basic laws; physical conditions 【例】Why is woman persistently regarded as a mystery? It is not that she has labored to conceal the organic and psychological facts of her constitution, but that men have showed no interest in exploring them. 为什么女人总是被视为神秘的事物？原因并不是她的事实，而是男人从来就没对探索这些事实表现过兴趣。The constitution of a primitive society is not necessarily simple. 原始社会的结构并不一定就是简单的。He has a good constitution. 他体质很好。
construct [kKn'strVkt] vt.建造；建设；构筑 【例】This factory was constructed by our company. 这家工厂是由我们公司建设的。
consultant [kKn'sVltKnt] n. 1.顾问2.会诊医师，专科医生
consumption [kKn'sVmpSn] n. 1.消耗量，消费量2.消耗，消费，挥霍 【例】Consumption of cotton increased even after it rose in price. 棉花的价格虽然提高了，但消耗依然增加。There's too great a consumption of alcohol in China. 在中国酒的消耗量太大了。
contact ['kOntcontaminate [kOn'tcontempt [kKn'tempt] n. 轻视，轻蔑 【同】scorn; hatred; malice 【例】I feel nothing but contempt for people who treat children so cruelly. 我鄙视如此虐待孩子的人。
contend [kKn'tend] vi. 1.争夺，竞争2.搏斗，争斗 vt. 声称，主张 【同】contest; fight; struggle 【例】Several teams are contending for the price. 有几个队在争夺锦标。
context ['kOntekst] n. 1.背景, 环境2.上下文, 语境
continual [kKn'tinjuKl] a. 1.不间断的, 不停的2.多次重复的, 频频的 【例】Are you tired of this continual rain? 你对于这不停的雨不感到厌烦吗？
continuous [kKn'tinjuKs] a. 连续不断的, 不断延伸的 【例】The brain needs a continuous supply of blood. 大脑需要不断地供血。
contract ['kOntrcontradict [,kOntrK'dikt] vt. 1.反驳, 否认...的真实性2.与...发生矛盾, 与...抵触 【同】oppose; confront; disagree 【例】Assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are innocent. 坚持已见不是论据，反驳对方的说法也不能证明你就是正确的。Don't contradict your father. 别和你父亲犟嘴。The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. 这个报道与我们昨天听到的有矛盾。
contrary ['kOntrKri] a. (to)相反的, 对抗的 n. [the~] 相反, 相反事物 【例】My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own. 在服装方面，我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。The players on the contrary side now took their places. 双方运动员开始各就各位。
contribute [kKn'tribju:t] vi. 1.捐款, 作出贡献2.(to)有助于, 促成3.投稿 vt. 捐, 捐献 【例】Each worker contributed one dollar to the Red Cross. 每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一美元。She asked him to contribute a biweekly article on European affairs. 她约他每两周写一篇有关欧洲情况的文稿。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
contribution [,kOntri'bju:Sn] n. 1.贡献, 促成作用2.捐款, 捐献物3.(投给报刊等的)稿件 【同】gift; grant; donation 【例】The editor is short of contribution for the May issue. 编辑缺少五月号的稿件。He has made an important contribution to the company's success. 他对公司的成功作出了重要的贡献。All contribution, however small, will be greatly appreciated. 所有捐款，无论数目多么少，我们都深表感谢。If they continue to work in a way their health permits, old people can still make a great contribution to the society. 如果他们继续以他们的健康允许的方式工作，老人仍然能够为社会作很大的贡献。
contrive [kKn'traiv] vt. 1.谋划, 策划2.设法做到3.设计, 想出 【同】devise; invent; create; concoct 【例】Their sudden outburst was obviously genuine; it couldn’t have been contrived. 他们突如其来的发作显然是真的，这是装不出来的。The prisoner contrived a way to escape. 囚犯图谋越狱。Can you contrive to be here early? 你能不能设法早到点？
controversial [,kOntrK'vK:Sl] a. 引起争论的, 有争议的 【例】Many of the new taxes are controversial. 许多新税收都是有争议的。
convenience [kKn'vi:niKns] n. 1.方便, 合宜2.便利设施, 方便的用具 【例】It's a great convenience to live in town. 住在城市里有很大的方便。We find our folding table a great convenience. 我们发现可折叠的桌子使用非常方便。On the contrary, some people are attracted by the convenience of the city. 相反，一些人被城市的便利所吸引。Those who welcome the Internet hold that it brings us great convenience and efficiency. 赞成互联网的人认为它给我们带来了极大的方便和提高了效率。With respect to convenience, it is difficult to say which one is better. 就方便来说，很难说哪个更好。Cities provide convenience and civilized lifestyle, but they also bring about a series of problems, such as pollution, traffic jam, and crime, etc. 城市给人们带来了便利和文明的生活方式，同时也带来了一系列问题，如污染、交通阻塞和犯罪等。
convention [kKn'venSn] n. 1.习俗, 惯例2.公约, 协议3.(正式)会议, (定期)大会
conventional [kKn'venSKnl] a. 1.普通的, 习惯的, 常规的2.符合习俗的, 因循守旧的 【同】established; prevailing; prejudiced 【例】She is so conventional in her views. 她的观点太保守。He often speaks a few conventional remarks. 他总是喜欢说老生常谈的那几句话。
conversely [kKn'vK:sli] ad. 相反(地) 【同】reversed; on the contrary 【例】Young people everywhere share a kind of experience that none of the elders ever have had or will have. Conversely, the older generation will never see repeated in the lives of young people their own unprecedented experiences of sequentially emerging change. 不同地方的年轻人共同拥有一种经历， 这种经历是年长者不曾经历过的，而且他们以后也不会经历。反之，老一代人也永远不会看到年轻人的生活中会重复他们自己独特的按顺序出现的变化。
conversion [kKn'vK:Sn] n. 1.转变, 变换2.改变信仰, 皈依 【例】Conversion to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. 改用煤气集中供暖将节省大笔开支。When he saw how the theory increased unemployment, he underwent quite a conversion. 当他看到这个理论加重了失业后，他彻底改变了看法。
convert ['kOnvK:t] v. 1.(使)转变, (使)转化2.(使)改变信仰(或态度等) 【例】Coal can be converted to gas. 煤可以转化成煤气。My mother has converted to Catholicism. 我母亲已转而信仰天主教。
convey [kKn'vei] vt. 1.表达, 传达, 传递2.运送, 输送
convict ['kOnvikt] vt. (经审讯)证明...有罪, 宣判...有罪 n. 囚犯 【例】The criminal was convicted of murder. 歹徒被判谋杀罪。The escaped convict has been caught by the police again. 越狱的逃犯已经再次被警方抓获。
conviction [kKn'vikSn] n. 1.确信, 坚定的信仰2.说服, 信服3.定罪, 判罪 【同】belief; faith; confidence 【例】Rich men without convictions are more dangerous in modern society than poor woman without chastity. 在现代社会里，没有坚定信仰的富人比没有贞操的穷女人更危险。I speak in the full conviction that I will win. 我深信我会赢。I have the conviction that he is right. 我深信他是对的。They have no previous convictions. 他们没有前科。
convince [kKn'vins] vt. 使确信, 使信服, 说服 【例】He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。
cooperate [kKu'OpKreit] vi. 合作, 协作, 配合 【例】We want to cooperate with you greatly. 我们非常愿意与你们合作。
coordinate [,kKu'O:dKnKt] vt. 调节, 协调 n. 座标a. 同等的, 并列的 【同】coequal; equal; like 【例】We must coordinate our efforts to help the flood victims. 我们应该同心协力援助遭水灾的灾民。This is a coordinate clause. 这是一个并列子句。
cope [kKup] vi. (with)(成功的)应付, (妥善地)处理 【例】No one can cope with him in Chemistry. 在化学方面，谁也比不上他。I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job. 既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。
cord [kO:d] n. 1.(细)绳2.[pl.] 灯心绒裤 【例】He tied the package with a cord. 他用绳子把包裹扎紧。
cordial ['kO:diKl] a. 热情友好的, 热诚的 【同】friendly; genial; amiable; sincere 【例】The hostess wore a cordial smile on her face. 女主人的笑十分热情。His friends gave him a cordial welcome. 他的朋友对他表示热诚的欢迎。
core [kO:] n. 1.果心2.核心, 要点 【例】He ate the plum, and threw the core away. 他吃掉了李子，并扔掉了果核。The core of our appeal is freedom of speech. 我们的要求的核心是言论自由。He is American to the core. 他是个地地道道的美国人。
correspond [,kOri'spOnd] vi. 1.(with)相符合, 成一致2.(to)相当, 相类似3.通信 【同】match; parallel; conform 【例】Two illusions fostered by higher education are that what is taught corresponds to what is learned, and that it will somehow pay off in money. 高等教育造成了两种错觉，一是教的东西就等于学到的东西，二是它总会通过某种方式以金钱回报。
correspondence [,kOri'spOndKns] n. 1.信件, 函件2.通信, 通信联系3.符合, 一致, 相似
correspondent [,kOri'spOndKnt] n. 通讯员.记者 【例】They are our Hong Kong correspondents. 他们是我们派驻香港的通讯员。He is a poor correspondent. 他是个懒于写信的人。
corresponding [,kOri'spOndiN] a. 1.相应的, 相当的2.符合的, 一致的
corrode [kK'rKud] vi. 受腐蚀 vt. 腐蚀, 侵蚀 【同】rot; destroy; decay 【例】The metal has corroded because of rust. 该金属已锈蚀。This acid may corrode iron. 这种酸能腐蚀铁。Iron corrodes easily. 铁易锈损。
corrupt [kK'rVpt] a. 堕落的, 腐败的, 贪赃舞弊的 vt. 腐蚀, 使堕落 【同】degraded; decreased; weakened 【例】Heaven is above all yet there sits a judge that no king can corrupts. 苍天高于所有的人：那里坐着一位法官，任何国王都无法贿赂。
cosmic ['kOzmik] a. 1.宇宙的, 外层空间的2.无比巨大的, 无穷尽的 【同】vast; universal 【例】Physics is governed by cosmic laws. 物理学受宇宙法则的制约。
couch [kautS] n. 1.长沙发2.(病人受检查时躺的)长榻 vt. 表达 【例】His black leather couch looks expensive. 他的黑色皮沙发看上去很昂贵。
counsel ['kaunsl] n. 1.律师, 法律顾问2.忠告, 劝告 vt. 劝告, 提议 【同】advise; caution; recommendation 【例】I have but one counsel for you —— be your own master. 我对你只有一个忠告：做自己的主人。Each side of a case in court has its own counsel. 法庭上原告和被告双方都有各自的律师。
counter ['kauntK] n. 1.柜台, 柜台式长桌2.筹码3.计数器 vt. 对抗, 反驳 ad. 反方向地, 对立地 【同】board; shelf; table 【例】The vanity of others runs counter to our taste only when it runs counter to our vanity. 别人的虚荣与我们的趣味相悖，只是在它与我们的虚心相悖之时。There was an enormous cat crouching on the counter. 柜台上蜷伏着一只硕大的猫。
counterpart ['kauntKpA:t] n. 与对方地位相当的人, 与另一方作用相当的物 【同】person or thing corresponding to 【例】The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm. 销售部经理给另一家的销售部经理打电话。
courtesy ['kK:tKsi] n. 1.谦恭有礼2.有礼貌的举止(或言词) 【同】civility; friendliness 【例】There can be no defense like elaborate courtesy. 没有什么防御比得上周详的礼节。They showed us every courtesy. 他们对我们彬彬有礼。There is always enough time for courtesy. 现在不必在这里说客气话。
crab [krcradle ['kreidl] n. 1.摇篮2.策源地, 发源地 vt. 轻轻地抱, 捧 【例】The sea is thought to have been the cradle of life. 人们认为海洋曾经是生命的发源地。
craft [krA:ft] vt. 1.工艺, 手艺2.船, 航空器, 航天器3. 手腕,狡猾,奸计 【例】He graduated from a school of crafts and arts. 他毕业于一所工艺美术学校。By crafts the gambler tricked them out of all their money. 那个赌徒用诡计赢去了他们所有的钱。
crane [krein] n. 1.起重机2.鹤 vt. 伸长(脖子等) 【例】We used a crane to lift the huge box into the backyard. 我们使用起重机将这个大箱子搬进了后院。Jane craned her neck to look for her mother in the crowd. 简伸长脖子张望，在人群中找她的母亲。
crash [krcrawl [krO:l] vi./n. 1.爬行, 匍匐行进2.缓慢(或费力)地行进 【例】The heavy traffic crawled through the narrow tunnel. 拥挤的车辆慢吞吞地穿过狭窄的隧道。
cricket ['krikit] n. 1.蟋蟀2.板球运动
cripple ['kripl] n. 跛子, 伤残人(或动物) vt. 1.使跛, 使受伤致残2.严重削弱, 使陷于瘫痪 【同】lame person; the disabled 【例】Ill news has wings, and with the wind does go. Comfort’s a cripple and comes very slow. 坏消息长着翅膀，乘风而行；安慰则是跛子，总是蹒跚来迟。
crisis ['kraisis] n. 1.危机, 危急关头2.决定性时刻, 关键阶段 【同】urgency; embarrassment 【例】True love is born of despair and nurtured by one crisis after another. 真正的爱出自绝望，由不断的危险机滋养。In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to. 危难时好在有朋友可以投奔。Her fever passed its crisis. 她发烧已经过了危险期。Relation between the two countries has reached a crisis point. 两国关系已达到出现危机的地步。
crisp [krisp] a. 1.脆的, (果蔬等)鲜脆的2.挺括的3.(天气)清新的, 干冷的4.简明扼要的, (干净)利落的 n. [pl.] 油炸土豆片 【同】brittle; breakable; fragile 【例】The snow was crisp under foot. 雪踩上去是脆的。I like the delicious salad of crisp lettuce and tomatoes. 我喜欢这种脆莴苣和番茄做的沙拉，很好吃。
criterion [krai'tiKriKn] (pl. criteria [krai'tiKriK]) n. (批评、判断等的)标准, 准则 【同】basis; standard; measure 【例】Success in making money is not always a good criterion for success in life. 能挣钱并不是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。
critical ['kritikl] a. 1.决定性的, 关键性的, 危急的2.批评的, 批判的 【同】observant; faultfinding; crucial 【例】If we cannot love unconditionally, love is already in a critical condition. 如果不能无条件地爱，爱情就已经处于危机之中。The inquiry was critical of her work. 该项调查对她的工作提出了批评。In the current critical climate her work is not popular. 在当前评论风气影响下，她的作品不怎么受欢迎。Why are you always so critical? 你怎么总是这样吹毛求疵？
crucial ['kru:Sl] a. 至关重要的, 决定性的 【同】indispensable; vital; necessary 【例】We have entered a crucial era. 我们已经步入了关键性的年代。
crude [kru:d] a. 1.粗鲁的, 粗俗的2.天然的, 未加工的3.简陋的, 粗糙的 【例】It was crude of him to say that. 他那样说太粗鲁了。
crust [krVst] n. 1.(一片)面包皮, 硬外皮2.外壳, 地壳 【例】The crust on the snow was thick enough for us to walk on it. 外层的雪已经冻硬，可以在上面行走。
crystal ['kristl] n. 1.水晶, 石英晶体2.结晶, 结晶体 a. 清澈透明的, 水晶(制)的 【同】clear; transparent 【例】A word is not a crystal, transparent and unchanging, it is the skin of a living thought and may vary greatly in color and content according to the circumstances and time in which it is used. 词不是透明且无变化的水晶；它是活生生的思想的皮肤，色彩与内涵可以随使用的环境和时间而大幅度变换。This set of crystal wine cups is very expensive. 这套水晶玻璃酒杯非常昂贵。
cucumber ['kju:kKmbK] n. 黄瓜 【例】Have some cucumber. 吃点黄瓜吧。I like to eat cucumber sandwiches. 我喜欢吃有黄瓜的三明治。
cue [kju:] n. 1.暗示, 信号2.提示 vt. 提示, 暗示 【同】signal; hint; suggestion; indication 【例】You can finish the assignment in the light of the cues given. 你可以根据所给的提示完成作业。
cultivate ['kVltiveit] vt. 1.耕作, 载培, 养殖2.培养, 陶冶, 发展 【同】plant; encourage; educate 【例】To cultivate oneself in disposition is not for the others, but for strengthening his own capacity in life. 修养性情不是为了他人，而是为了加强自己的生活能力。To dispel loneliness and kill the time, they can cultivate some other hobbies such as growing flowers, collecting stamps and learning to paint. 为乐趣感孤独和消磨时光，他们可以培养其他的爱好，比如养花、集邮和学习绘画。It seems that the aim of school education is to achieve the tameness of students for society rather than the unique minds for the individuals. 学校教育似乎是为了给社会培养驯服的学生，而不是培养有独立思考的个体。
cunning ['kVniN] n. 狡猾(的), 诡诈(的) 【同】tricky; skillful; dishonest 【例】Nothing does more hurt in a state than that cunning men pass for wise. 为害国家者，莫过于奸诈之徒被当成贤明之士。He is as cunning as a fox. 他象狐狸一样狡猾。She showed her cunning in the way she avoided answering the question. 她对问题避而不答，显示出她很狡猾。
curiosity [,kjuKri'Ositi] n. 1.好奇(心)2.奇物, 奇事, 古玩 【例】Curiosity is part of the children's nature. 好奇是儿童的天性。I had to explain the reasons to satisfy his curiosity. 我只好解释原因来满足他的好奇心。As we know, out textbooks remain unchanged for ages while the up-to-date software on various subjects is easily available anywhere, say, on the Internet, thus stirring up my curiosity about more knowledge. 众所周知，我们的教材是多年不变，而各学科的新软件任何地方都唾手可得，例如从因特网下载。这样一来就可以激起我对更多知识的好奇心。
currency ['kVrKnsi] n. 1.通货, 货币2.通行, 流行 【例】Government has decreed a paper currency. 政府颁布了发行一种纸币的法令。Most countries have a decimal currency. 大多数国家使用十进制货币。The word has attained general currency. 这个词已经通用起来了。 
curriculum [kK'rikjulKm] （pl. curricula [kK'rikjulK]）n. 课程, (学校等的)全部课程
cushion ['kuSKn] n. 垫子, 坐垫 【例】He lay on the floor with a cushion under his head. 他躺在地板上，头下枕着一个垫子。
customary ['kVstKmKri] a. 习惯上的, 惯常的, 合乎习俗的 【同】usual; habitual; conventional 【例】Is it customary to tip waiters in your country? 在贵国按惯例是否应该付小费？ It's customary to give people gifts on their birthdays. 给人送生日礼物是惯常的事。
cycle ['saikl] n. 1.自行车, 摩托车2.循环, 周期 vi. 1.骑自行车, 骑摩托车2.循环 【例】This is the cycle of economic booms and slumps. 这是经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化。He goes to work by cycle. 他骑自行车上班。
cylinder ['silindK] n. 1.圆柱体, 圆筒2.汽缸, 泵(或筒)体 【例】The cylinder is a crucial part of the washing machine. 滚筒是洗衣机必不可少的部分。
D
dairy ['dEKri] n. 牛奶场, 乳品店 a. 乳制品的
dam [ddaring ['dEKriN] a.大胆的，勇敢的
darling ['dA:liN] n. 1.[用作称呼] 亲爱的2.心爱的人, 可爱的人 a.可爱的, 心爱的 【例】She is a little darling. 她是一个极可爱的小孩。
datum ['deitKm] n. (sing.) 数据
daylight ['deilait] n. 日光, 白昼 【例】He was up at daylight. 他天亮就起来了。
dazzle ['ddeadline ['dedlain] n. 最后期限
deafen ['defn] vt. 使聋；使隔音
dealer ['di:lK] n. 1.商人2.发牌者 【例】He bought a used car from a car dealer. 他从汽车商那里买了一辆旧汽车。
debate [di'beit] v. 辩论, 争论 【例】After a long debate the bill was passed. 经长时间的辩论，议案获得通过。He debated carefully before he decided. 他慎重考虑后方做决定。This is a question that they have often debated. 这是个他们经常讨论的问题。
decade ['dekeid] n. 十年, 十年期 【例】Several decades have elapsed since I graduated from the college. 我大学毕业已数十年了。Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 在过去十年里，物价一直在上涨。
deceit [di'si:t] n. 欺骗, 欺诈, 诡计 【同】trick; insincerity; dishonesty 【例】It is discouraging to think how many people are shocked by honesty and how few by deceit. 对诚实感到吃惊的人那么多，而对欺骗感到吃惊的人那么少，想到这些真叫人沮丧。He is full of deceit. 他诡计多端。His deceit is disgusting; he took everybody in! 他的欺诈手段令人憎恶，弄得人人上当!
decent ['di:snt] a. 1.像样的, 过得去的, 体面的2.宽厚的, 大方的3.正派的, 合乎礼仪的, 得体的 【同】mannerly; v